{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:34:19Z","timestamp":1788413659467,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR300020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feeding practices developed in early life can impact a child\u2019s nutrition, growth, dental health, cognitive development and lifetime risk of chronic diseases. Substantial evidence suggests ethnic health inequalities, and non-recommended complementary infant feeding practices among UK\u2019s South Asian (SA) population. Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition aims to use women\u2019s group participatory learning and action (PLA) cycles to optimise infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in SA infants &lt;2 years in East London.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A three-arm pilot feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial will assess feasibility, acceptability, costs and explore preliminary effectiveness for proposed primary outcome (ie, reporting on body mass index (BMI) z-score). Multilingual SA community facilitators will deliver the intervention, group PLA Cycle, to mothers\/carers in respective ethnic\/language groups. 12 wards are randomised to face-to-face PLA, online PLA and usual care arms in 1:1:1 ratio. Primary outcomes are feasibility and process measures (ie, BMI z-score, study records, feedback questionnaires, direct observation of intervention and sustainability) for assessment against Go\/Stop criteria. Secondary outcomes are cluster-level and economic outcomes (ie, eating behaviour, parental feeding practices, network diffusion, children development performance, level of dental caries, general practitioner utilisation, costs, staff time). Outcomes are measured at baseline, every 2\u2009weeks during intervention, 14\u2009weeks and at 6\u2009months by blinded outcome assessors where possible. This study will use concurrent mixed-methods evaluation. Quantitative analyses include descriptive summary with 95% CI and sample size calculation for the definitive trial. The intervention effect with CI will be estimated for child BMI z-score. Implementation will be evaluated qualitatively using thematic framework analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval was obtained from University College London (UCL), National Health Service (Health Research Authority (HRA) and Health and Care Research Wales (HRCW)). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at scientific conferences\/workshops with commissioners, partners and participating communities. Plain language summaries will be disseminated through community groups, websites and social media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IRAS-ID-296259 (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN10234623\">ISRCTN10234623<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T12:56:48Z","timestamp":1701262608000},"page":"e063885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) participatory learning and action women\u2019s groups to improve infant feeding and practices in South Asian infants: pilot randomised trial study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn10234623","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan","family":"Manikam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK"},{"name":"Aceso Global Health Consultants Pte Limited, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0275-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shereen","family":"Allaham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK"},{"name":"Aceso Global Health Consultants Pte Limited, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryan","family":"Naman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aceso Global Health Consultants Pte Limited, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen Ling","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aceso Global Health Consultants Pte Limited, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel-Cath\u00e9rine","family":"Demel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aceso Global Health Consultants Pte Limited, Singapore"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s, King\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 School of Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8175-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Batura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Llewellyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Lakshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health 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