{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:59:39Z","timestamp":1773867579951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China funding","award":["2018YFC2001901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2001901"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z191100006619068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z191100006619068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common surgical complication. The incidence is 19% in neurological procedures, and advanced age is a risk factor for neurological procedures. Many studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DEX) reduced the incidence of delirium after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients. However, there are few studies focus on the effect of DEX on POD in elderly patients undergoing neurosurgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a randomised, double-blinded, paralleled-group and controlled trial. Patients older than 65 years and scheduled for elective craniotomy will be randomly assigned to the DEX group and the control group. After endotracheal intubation, patients in the DEX group will be administered with continuous DEX infusion at rate of 0.4\u2009\u00b5g\/kg\/hour until the surgical haemostasis. In the control group, patients will receive the identical volume of normal saline in the same setting. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD during the first 5\u2009days. Delirium will be evaluated through a combination of three methods, including the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), the confusion assessment method for ICU (CAM-ICU) and the 3\u2009min diagnostic interview for CAM (3D-CAM). The RASS, CAM-ICU and 3D-CAM will be evaluated two times per day (08:00\u201310:00 and 18:00\u201320:00 hours) during the first postoperative 5\u2009days. Secondary outcomes include pain severity score, quality of recovery, quality of sleep, cognitive function, psychological health state, intraoperative data, physiological status, length of stay in ICU and hospital, hospitalisation costs, non-delirium complications, and 30-day all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol (V.4.0) has been approved by the medical ethics committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (KY2021-194-03). The findings of the study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at a scientific conference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05168280\">NCT05168280<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1674468653000},"page":"e063976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing craniotomy: a protocol of randomised 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