{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:12:42Z","timestamp":1793153562338,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206532\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206532\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["216002\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["216002\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To support the Zika virus (ZIKV) Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium\u2019s efforts to harmonise and analyse IPD from ZIKV-related prospective cohort studies and surveillance-based studies of pregnant women and their infants and children; we developed and disseminated a metadata survey among ZIKV-IPD Meta-Analysis (MA) study participants to identify and provide a comprehensive overview of study-level heterogeneity in exposure, outcome and covariate ascertainment and definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort and surveillance studies that measured ZIKV infection during pregnancy or at birth and measured fetal, infant, or child outcomes were identified through a systematic search and consultations with ZIKV researchers and Ministries of Health from 20 countries or territories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four cohort or active surveillance studies shared deidentified data for the IPD-MA and completed the metadata survey, representing 33\u2009061\u2009women (11\u2009020 with ZIKV) and 18\u2009281 children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study-level heterogeneity in exposure, outcome and covariate ascertainment and definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median study sample size was 268 (IQR=100, 698). Inclusion criteria, follow-up procedures and exposure and outcome ascertainment were highly heterogenous, differing meaningfully across regions and multisite studies. Enrolment duration and follow-up for children after birth varied before and after the declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and according to the type of funding received.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work highlights the logistic and statistical challenges that must be addressed to account for the multiple sources of within-study and between-study heterogeneity when conducting IPD-MAs of data collected in the research response to emergent pathogens like ZIKV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T10:55:21Z","timestamp":1669114521000},"page":"e064362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heterogeneity of Zika virus exposure and outcome ascertainment across cohorts of pregnant women, their infants and their children: a metadata survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mabel","family":"Carabali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement de M\u00e9decine Sociale et Pr\u00e9ventive, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland"},{"name":"Heidelberger Institut f\u00fcr Global Health, Universit\u00e4tsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Levis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Shreedhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberger Institut f\u00fcr Global Health, Universit\u00e4tsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411061692000_12.11.e064362.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246643","article-title":"Fetal, neonatal, and infant outcomes associated with maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121411061692000_12.11.e064362.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5040152","article-title":"The Zika virus individual participant data Consortium: a global initiative to estimate the effects of exposure to Zika virus during pregnancy on adverse fetal, infant, and child health outcomes","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121411061692000_12.11.e064362.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242367"},{"key":"2025121411061692000_12.11.e064362.4","unstructured":"WHO . 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