{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:29:44Z","timestamp":1793665784696,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the present study was to explore the diversity, quality, severity and distribution of symptoms in patients with radicular pain and a lumbar disc herniation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-based back clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients referred to secondary healthcare with (a) low back-related leg pain, (b) age between 18 and 65 years and (c) MRI confirmed lumbar disc herniation at a relevant side and level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropathic pain symptoms were assessed using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) and the painDETECT Questionnaire. In a subsample classified with neuropathic pain, in-depth interviews were performed, and symptomatic areas were drawn on standardised body charts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, the most frequently used painDETECT symptom descriptor was numbness sensation, reported by 94%, followed by sudden pain attacks and tingling or prickling. The mean (SD) SF-MPQ-2 score (0\u201310) for aching pain was 5.9 (2.8); numbness 4.3 (3.3); tingling 4.0 (3.4); burning 2.6 (3.1); pain caused by light touch 1.5 (2.6). Leg pain was rated as extremely bothersome by 73%, numbness and tingling by 38%, weakness by 24% and back pain by 17%. In the subsample (n=52), deep-lying pain and non-painful abnormal sensations were frequent, at 71% and 85%. Drawings demonstrated substantial overlap between symptoms from compromised L5 and the S1 nerve roots. Painful and non-painful symptoms improved at approximately the same rate. At the 1-year follow-up, 45% (14\/31) of patients who had received disc surgery, and 34% (18\/53) of those who had received conservative treatment reported no bothersome back pain, leg pain, numbness\/tingling or weakness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients reported several highly bothersome symptoms, but not all are described as painful. The overall symptom profile of lumbar disc-related radicular pain differs from other neuropathic pain conditions with limited allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Symptomatic areas for the L5 and S1 nerve roots have a large overlap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T05:11:34Z","timestamp":1671685894000},"page":"e065500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Symptom descriptors and patterns in lumbar radicular pain caused by disc herniation: a 1-year longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8770-5019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind","family":"Hasvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sykehuset \u00d8stfold HF, Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Julsrud","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sykehuset \u00d8stfold HF, Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Gr\u00f8vle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sykehuset \u00d8stfold HF, Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411390065000_12.12.e065500.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000829","article-title":"Entrapment neuropathies: a contemporary approach to pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and management","volume":"5","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"2025121411390065000_12.12.e065500.2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Pathophysiology of disk-related sciatica","volume":"73","author":"Mulleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"I.-Evidence supporting a chemical component. 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