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This poses several acute and chronic harms to young people, including poisonings, burns, serious lung injury and\u2014where nicotine e-liquid is used\u2014the potential to impact healthy brain development and precipitate future nicotine addiction. School-based prevention programmes have the potential to address this growing public health concern by reaching large numbers of young people during a critical period for intervention; however, the efficacy of such interventions has not been systematically explored. This systematic review aims to determine the existence and efficacy of school-based preventive interventions targeting e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and international clinical trials registries will be conducted from 2000 to April 2022 to identify eligible studies (randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised controlled trials and quasiexperimental studies) evaluating school-based interventions to prevent e-cigarette use among adolescents. Two reviewers will independently screen title, abstract and full text of all studies for eligibility. Both reviewers will independently extract the data and assess the risk of bias. Any discrepancies will be resolved by a third reviewer. Results will be summarised in a narrative synthesis and data will be meta-analysed if appropriate. Heterogeneity in findings will be assessed narratively, and using the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic (where meta-analysis is feasible), meta-regression will be used to explore potential factors associated with programme efficacy, where data permit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research is conducted on published work and does not require ethics approval. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and used to guide the development of new school-based e-cigarette preventive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42022323352.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1663593104000},"page":"e065509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["School-based preventive interventions targeting e-cigarette use among adolescents: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8592-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren Anne","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0896-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy-Leigh","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola Clare","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tess","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Library, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Stockings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maree","family":"Teesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8110-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma Krogh","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina Elizabeth","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121402485650000_12.9.e065509.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051913"},{"key":"2025121402485650000_12.9.e065509.2","unstructured":"NICNaA S . 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