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The objective of this study was to associate HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment with mortality in patients with NSTI including disease severity as a prognostic variable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationwide population-based register study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Danish residents with NSTI patients between January 2011 and June 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-day mortality was compared between patients receiving and patients not receiving HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity-score matching with predetermined variables (age, sex and weighted Charlson comorbidity score, presence of septic shock and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 671 NSTI patients were included with a median age of 63 (52\u201371), 61% male sex, 30% had septic shock and a median SAPS II of 46 (34\u201358). Patients who received HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment (n=266) were younger and had lower SAPS II, but a larger fraction had septic shock compared with patients not receiving HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment. Overall, all-cause 30-day mortality was 19% (95% CI 17% to 23%). The statistical models were in general acceptably balanced with covariates reaching &lt;0.1 absolute standardised mean differences and patients receiving HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment were associated with lower 30-day mortality (OR 0.40, 95%\u2009CI 0.30 to 0.53, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity score analysis, patients treated with HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>treatment were associated with improved 30-day survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T15:01:08Z","timestamp":1677078068000},"page":"e066117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the management of necrotising soft-tissue infections: results from a Danish nationwide registry study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Hedetoft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Bruun","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Hyldegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023022207001327000_13.2.e066117.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600673"},{"key":"2023022207001327000_13.2.e066117.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedetoft M , Madsen MB , Madsen LB , et al . 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