{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:37:19Z","timestamp":1782783439945,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W12-179925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W12-179925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research undertaken since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has provided us information about the impact of the pandemic on the gambling habits of the general population. However, very little is known about certain subgroups at increased risk of developing gambling disorder, such as the LGBTQIA2S+ population. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gambling behaviours among LGBTQIA2S+ individuals. In addition, we want to understand the experiences of the LGBTQIA2S+ population with gambling disorder and identify interventions that LGBTQIA2S+ people have found to be effective in addressing problem gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has a sequential explanatory mixed-method design in two phases over 2\u2009years. The first phase is a correlational study. We will conduct a cross-sectional survey using a stratified random sampling among Canadian residents who are 18 years of age or older, self-identify as sexually and gender-diverse (ie, LGBTQIA2S+) and have gambled at least once in the previous 12 months. This survey will be administered online via a web panel (n=1500). The second phase is a qualitative study. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with LGBTQIA2S+ people with problematic gambling (n=30).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research project has been ethically and scientifically approved by the Research Ethics Committee and by the CIUSSS de l\u2019Estrie\u2014CHUS scientific evaluation committee on 3 March 2022 (reference number: 2022-4633\u2014LGBTQ-JHA). Electronic and\/or written informed consent, depending on the data collection format (online survey and online or in-person interviews), will be obtained from each participant. A copy of the consent form and contact information will be delivered to each participant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T10:26:24Z","timestamp":1675851984000},"page":"e066231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experience of LGBTQIA2S+ populations with gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic: protocol for a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3856-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magaly","family":"Brodeur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Roberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie-Christine","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Monson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Morvannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Poitras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Lacasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Abitibi-T\u00e9miscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Jutras-Aswad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Couturier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Loignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Audette-Chapdelaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabruna","family":"Dorceus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Career Counseling, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6140-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Hudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medecine and Emergency Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720980080","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in Canada in 2018: prevalence and changes since 2002","volume":"66","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0099-7","article-title":"Gambling disorder","volume":"5","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.3","unstructured":"CSSA . Les lignes directrices sur les habitudes de jeu \u00e0 moindre risque. 2021. Available: https:\/\/gamblingguidelines.ca\/app\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LRGG-Lower-Risk-Gambling-Guidelines-Poster-2021-fr.pdf [Accessed 21 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.4","unstructured":"APA . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2013."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.04.001","article-title":"Gambling and gambling-related harm: recent world health organization initiatives","volume":"184","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023005115932"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.7","unstructured":"Loto-Qu\u00e9bec . Rapport annuel 2020-2021. 2021. Available: https:\/\/societe.lotoquebec.com\/dam\/jcr:8fbd0cff-8a75-4bc0-975c-69e9a2ab1bf9\/rapport-annuel-2020-2021-loto-quebec.pdf [Accessed 21 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110389","article-title":"Gambling and the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review","volume":"111","author":"Brodeur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09843-2","article-title":"Problem gambling in Greece: prevalence and risk factors during the financial crisis","volume":"35","author":"Economou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12232","article-title":"Gambling in Spain: update on experience, research and policy","volume":"109","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9523-4","article-title":"Gambling in the mist of economic crisis: results from three national prevalence studies from Iceland","volume":"31","author":"Olason","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813518185"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814521140"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.022","article-title":"Pandemics and epidemics: public health and gambling harms","volume":"184","author":"Griffiths","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.15","unstructured":"Davies R . Frequent gamblers betting more despite coronavirus sports lockdown, study says | gambling | the guardian. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2020\/apr\/24\/growth-in-problem-gambling-amid-coronavirus-lockdown"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00016","article-title":"Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.17","unstructured":"Studies RC on G . COVID-19 and gambling: impacts, transformations, and reflections. Montreal, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.greo.ca\/Modules\/EvidenceCentre\/Details\/covid-19-and-gambling-impacts-transformations-and-reflections"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.18","unstructured":"Corporation OL and G . Annual report 2020-2021. 2021."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.19","unstructured":"Loto-Qu\u00e9bec . Rapport annuel 2020-2021. 2021."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.554542","article-title":"Transitioning between online gambling modalities and decrease in total gambling activity, but no indication of increase in problematic online gambling intensity during the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in sweden: a time series forecast study","volume":"8","author":"Lindner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048785","article-title":"Gambling and the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Quebec (Canada): protocol for a mixed-methods study","volume":"11","author":"Brodeur","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114013","article-title":"Changes in gambling behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic-A web survey study in Sweden","volume":"17","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner NE . COVID-19 and gambling in Ontario. JGI 2020;44. doi:10.4309\/jgi.2020.44.1","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2020.44.1"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00366-1","article-title":"Online gambling in the midst of covid-19: a nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000690","article-title":"Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis-a cause for concern","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auer M , Malischnig D , Griffiths MD . Gambling before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among European regular sports bettors: an empirical study using behavioral tracking data. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020:1\u20138. doi:10.1007\/s11469-020-00327-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00327-8"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.568543","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on online gambling - A general population survey during the pandemic","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.28","article-title":"Problem gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"22","author":"Yahya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186693","article-title":"Psychological distress and problem gambling in elite athletes during COVID-19 restrictions-A web survey in top leagues of three sports during the pandemic","volume":"17","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15969.1","article-title":"The emerging adults gambling survey: study protocol","volume":"5","author":"Wardle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.31","unstructured":"CJ C . Jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent aupr\u00e8s des personnes de la diversit\u00e9 sexuelle et de genre: la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une approche inclusive [submitted article]. Journal of Gambling Issues 2020."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.32","unstructured":"Fondation Jasmin Roy . Sondage r\u00e9alit\u00e9s LGBT. Available: https:\/\/fondationjasminroy.com\/initiative\/sondagerealiteslgbt [Accessed 22 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0013","article-title":"Making it count: improving estimates of the size of transgender and gender nonconforming populations","volume":"3","author":"Deutsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2022.2075256","article-title":"Barriers in care pathways and unmet mental health needs in LGBTIQ + communities","volume":"34","author":"Silveri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky226","article-title":"A review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities","volume":"29","author":"Zeeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.36","unstructured":"Canada S . Indicateurs de la sant\u00e9 mentale des canadiens cisgenres et transgenres. Canada, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/85002x\/2020001\/article\/00009\/tbl\/tbl13fra.htm"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.37","unstructured":"Lyne C . Portrait sociod\u00e9mographique et de sant\u00e9 des populations LBG au qu\u00e9bec. 2012. Available: https:\/\/chairedspg.uqam.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/upload_files_Rapport_Portrait_sociodemo_Chamberland_et_al._Resume_juilllet_2012.pdf [Accessed 22 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.02.005"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/cars.12232","article-title":"A research note on Canada\u2019s LGBT data landscape: where we are and what the future holds","volume":"56","author":"Waite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Rev Sociol"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02184","article-title":"Problematic gaming and Internet use but not gambling may be overrepresented in sexual minorities-a pilot population web survey study","volume":"9","author":"Broman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9806-7","article-title":"Gambling behaviors and problem gambling: a population-based comparison of transgender\/gender diverse and cisgender adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Rider","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birch P , Ireland JL , Strickland CR , et al . n.d. Examining problematic gambling and mental health in a LGBTI community: a preliminary study. MRAJ doi:10.18103\/mra.v0i3.202","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v0i3.202"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09838-z","article-title":"Variations in gambling disorder symptomatology across sexual identity among College student-athletes","volume":"35","author":"Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.44","unstructured":"Cotton J-C . Les soins et services offerts aux personnes trans, non-binaires et en questionnement identitaire de genre: \u00e9tat de la situation. Available: https:\/\/www.usherbrooke.ca\/actualites\/evenements\/details\/44851 [Accessed 22 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2225","article-title":"Collecting data on patient experience is not enough: they must be used to improve care","volume":"348","author":"Coulter","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f167","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare","volume":"346","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.47","unstructured":"Creswell JW , Creswell JD . Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 2018."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221","article-title":"The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFI"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106402","article-title":"Addiction vs. dependence: a mixed methods analysis of young adult JUUL users","volume":"107","author":"Dobbs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1638409","article-title":"A sequential explanatory mixed methods study of young adult tobacco and marijuana co-use","volume":"54","author":"Seaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00320","article-title":"Gambling harm as a global public health concern: a mixed method investigation of trends in wales","volume":"8","author":"John","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.52","unstructured":"Lau F . Methods for correlational studies. In: Handbook of eHealth Evaluation: An Evidence-based Approach. 2017."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20362"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.54","unstructured":"Ferris J , Wynne H . L\u2019Indice canadien du jeu excessif. centre canadien de lutte contre L\u2019alcoolisme et les toxicomanies 2001. Available: http:\/\/www.jogoremoto.pt\/docs\/extra\/Jbsm2N.pdf [Accessed 22 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.56","unstructured":"Costes J-M . Quelle part du chiffre d\u2019affaire des jeux d\u2019argent est-elle attribuable aux joueurs probl\u00e9matiques? observatoire des jeux. Available: https:\/\/www.ofdt.fr\/odj\/Note_CA_atribuable_JP_2016-03-18.pdf [Accessed 22 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.57","unstructured":"Smith GJ , Wynne HG . Measuring gambling and problem gambling in alberta using the canadian problem gambling index (CPGI): final report. Alberta Gaming Research Institute, 2015."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.58","unstructured":"Kairouz S , Nadeau L , Paradis C , et al . Enqu\u00eate ENHJEU-qu\u00e9bec. Available: https:\/\/www.concordia.ca\/fr\/recherche\/chairejeu\/recherche\/projets\/enhjeu-quebec.html [Accessed 24 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","article-title":"Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression","volume":"3","author":"Bursac","year":"2008","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.11.2.148"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770180211"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.731116","article-title":"Gambling careers: a longitudinal, qualitative study of gambling behaviour","volume":"21","author":"Reith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsw.12231","article-title":"Legal gambling availability and youth gambling behaviour: a qualitative longitudinal study","volume":"26","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Soc Welfare"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.66","unstructured":"Anderson S , Dobbie F , Reith G . Recovery from problem gambling: a qualitative study. scottish centre for social research. 2009. Available: http:\/\/www.jogoremoto.pt\/docs\/extra\/hLkJ3d.pdf"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.68","unstructured":"Miles MB , Huberman AM , Saldana J . Qualitative data analysis A methods sourcebook. 2018."},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1035719X0200200212","article-title":"Triage: a new group technique gaining recognition in evaluation","volume":"2","author":"Gervais","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evaluation Journal of Australasia"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for the development of gambling-related harms and problems among australian sexual minority men","volume":"9","author":"Bush","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.09.002","article-title":"Male and female sexual orientation differences in gambling","volume":"38","author":"Hershberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"2025121219312759000_13.2.e066231.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.156224"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T03:31:39Z","timestamp":1765596699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066231","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}}}