{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:16:02Z","timestamp":1776842162630,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the association between partner alcohol consumption and the experience of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional analyses of data extracted from the 2016\u20132018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. We included 3319\u2009women in sexual unions. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence, controlling for the covariates. Results from the regression analysis were presented using the crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Papua New Guinea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women aged 15\u201349 years in sexual unions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical, emotional, and sexual violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual violence among women in sexual unions in Papua New Guinea were 45.9% (42.4 to 47.7), 45.1% (43.4 to 46.8) and 24.3% (22.9 to 25.8), respectively. The level of partner alcohol consumption was 57.3%. Women whose partners consumed alcohol were more likely to experience physical violence (aOR=2.86, 95%\u2009CI=2.43 to 3.37), emotional violence (aOR=2.89, 95%\u2009CI=2.44 to 3.43) and sexual violence (aOR=2.56, 95%\u2009CI=2.08 to 3.16) compared with those whose partners did not consume alcohol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found a relatively high prevalence of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea. Most importantly, this study found partner alcohol consumption to be significantly and positively associated with intimate partner violence. The study, therefore, recommends that interventions seeking to reduce intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea should intensify behaviour change and education on reducing or eliminating partner alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T10:26:31Z","timestamp":1678789591000},"page":"e066486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Cadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioural Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Gyan","family":"Aboagye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Boadu Frimpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paa Akonor","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred N. 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