{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:55:39Z","timestamp":1774529739782,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK","award":["17\/63\/154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/63\/154"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The global burden of undernutrition remains high, responsible for significant under-five mortality in resource-limited settings. Numerous sustainable development goals (SDGs) are linked to nutrition, and nationally representative nutrition surveillance is a key activity to track progress towards SDGs and guide efficient programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to look at spatial and temporal trends in undernutrition in children under 5\u2009years age in Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from annual National Nutrition Surveys using Standardised Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology (anthropometry, morbidity) over 7\u2009years (2012\u20132018) in Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children of under 5\u2009years from households selected through systemic sampling at countrywide level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z-score, &lt;\u22122), underweight (weight-for-age z-score, &lt;\u22122) and wasting (weight-for-height z-score, &lt;\u22122) at regional and national. We used general linear mixed models, adjusted by age, survey year, sex, presence of fever and\/or diarrhoea, and poverty index to quantify the risk of undernutrition over time and by region of residence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2012 and 2018, decreases were observed overall in the prevalence of growth retardation (stunting) decreased from 33.0% (95% CI 32.3 to 33.8) in 2012 to 26.7% (95% CI 26.2 to 27.3) in 2018. Underweight reduced from 24.4% (95% CI 23.7 to 25.1) to 18.7% (95% CI 18.2 to 19.2) for the same period and wasting decreased from 10.8% (95% CI 10.3 to 11.3) in 2012 to 8.4% (95% CI 8.1 to 8.8) in 2018. However, there was substantial variation across the country, with increased risk of undernutrition in the regions of Sahel, East and Cascades primarily. High-risk regions were characterised by a lower poverty index and limited access to healthcare services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings could inform national policymakers in refining and optimising resource allocation based on the identification of high-risk areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:52:30Z","timestamp":1693997550000},"page":"e066509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Undernutrition in children aged 0\u201359 months by region and over time: secondary analysis of the Burkina Faso 2012\u20132018 National Nutrition Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8325-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palwende Romuald","family":"Boua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toussaint","family":"Rouamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Bambara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Nutrition, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saidou","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Nutrition, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ella W R","family":"Compaore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boureima","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Statistique et de la D\u00e9mographie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halidou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Newell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Sorgho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518435802000_13.9.e066509.1","unstructured":"FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, and WFP . 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