{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:56:10Z","timestamp":1785905770921,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the increasing rates of homelessness in recent years, there is an urgent need to address the ongoing discrimination and societal disinterest in preventing, reducing and ending homelessness. There is no systematic review of experiences of stigma and discrimination among persons experiencing homelessness or interventions to combat this discrimination. The objective for the proposed study is to identify ways in which persons experiencing homelessness have been stigmatised and discriminated against, the results of these experiences, and interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination towards persons experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We are conducting a scoping review with guidance from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework. From 15 to 19 July 2022, we searched the following databases from our institutional licensed years of coverage: Medline, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts &amp; Humanities Citation Index, Emerging Sources Citation Index, Left, PAIS International, PILOTS, Psychology &amp; Behavioral Sciences Collection, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertations and Theses Global. Two independent reviewers are screening study titles\/abstracts and will independently screen the full texts. Study inclusion criteria include any study type reporting primary findings of English-language research on non-refugee persons experiencing homelessness in any type of setting or service worldwide. Three reviewers will then chart data of our included studies. Data will be extracted and organised into categories and subthemes in tabular form. To understand the validity of the scoping review findings in the local context and to gather additional perspectives on the topic, we will conduct an \u2018expert consultation\u2019 workshop.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has ethics approval from the University of Utah Institutional Review Board. Review findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and at conferences. We plan to preregister this protocol with Open Science Framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T12:17:19Z","timestamp":1671106639000},"page":"e066522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding discrimination towards persons experiencing homelessness: A scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L","family":"Canham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Weldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Siantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tallie","family":"Casucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Homeism: naming the stigmatization and discrimination of persons experiencing homelessness","volume":"00","author":"Canham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Housing, Theory and Society"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-3"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0183-7"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-1"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose J . Cleansing public nature: landscapes of homelessness, health, and displacement. J Polit Ecol 2017;24.doi:10.2458\/v24i1.20779","DOI":"10.2458\/v24i1.20779"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-070308-115940"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5206\/ijoh.2021.1.13651","article-title":"Examining the needs of persons experiencing homelessness: bringing the voice of lived experience to policy priorities","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal on Homelessness"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/15313204.2016.1263814","article-title":"Homeless microaggressions: implications for education, research, and practice","volume":"26","author":"Torino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ethn Cult Divers Soc Work"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.9","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness . State of homelessness: 2021 edition, 2021."},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1341-9","article-title":"Interventions to reduce discrimination and stigma: the state of the art","volume":"52","author":"Gronholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2020.1789788","article-title":"How stigma and discrimination influences nursing care of persons diagnosed with mental illness: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Tyerman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.151944"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters MDJ , Godfrey C , McInerney P , et al . Chapter 11: Scoping reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris E , Munn Z , eds. JBI manual for evidence synthesis, JBI, 2020.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIRM-20-01"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12599","article-title":"Health supports needed for homeless persons transitioning from hospitals","volume":"27","author":"Canham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"2025121411523007000_12.12.e066522.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-060316"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:52:39Z","timestamp":1765741959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066522","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}