{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:16:24Z","timestamp":1791764184059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that disrupts brain function. Although symptoms are mostly transient, recovery can be delayed and result in persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). Vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction are among the most debilitating impairments associated with PPCS. However, pharmacological interventions for these impairments are associated with deleterious side effects. Accordingly, increasing research has examined the utility of non-pharmacological interventions for PPCS. The aim of this review is to synthesise and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction for patients with PPCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Systematic searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will identify randomised controlled trials employing non-pharmacological treatments for vestibular and\/or oculomotor dysfunction for PPCS. Such interventions may include, but are not limited to, vestibular rehabilitation, optokinetic stimulation and vestibulo-ocular reflex exercises. Assessments of oculomotor function will include versional eye movements, vergence eye movements, visual-fixation movements and accommodation response. Assessments of vestibular function will include the Fukuda Step test, functional balance tests, force displacement tests, and subjective reports of balance disruption or vertigo. Where appropriate, meta-analyses of standardised mean differences will be conducted using a random effects model for continuous outcomes. For dichotomous outcomes (improved vs not improved following treatment), effects will be expressed as relative risk. The impact of heterogeneity will be calculated using the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale will be used to determine the methodological quality of individual studies and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations used to assess the certainty and quality of evidence for each outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required for this review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42021254720.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T11:28:24Z","timestamp":1673004504000},"page":"e066634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction in patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Sheeba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9499-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco","family":"Cavaleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherylea","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Facility, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400415394000_13.1.e066634.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewan MC , Rattani A , Gupta S , et al . 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