{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:04:57Z","timestamp":1793084697804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease involving the tears and ocular surface. It impacts a patient\u2019s quality of life (QoL) and ability to perform daily activities. This study assessed the burden of self-reported DED among adults in eight European countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>General population in France, Italy, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults aged \u226518 years with (n=6084) and without (n=6161) self-reported DED were recruited via emails and screened.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants completed National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). All DED participants completed the Eye Dryness Score (EDS) Visual Analogue Scale, and Ocular Comfort Index and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem questionnaires. In addition, half of the respondents with DED completed Survey A (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life) and the other half completed Survey B (Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire) and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with self-reported DED had lower functional vision and lower overall health status than participants without self-reported DED as measured by the NEI-VFQ and EQ-5D-5L, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Increasing self-reported DED severity as measured by the EDS was shown to correspond with worse symptom severity\/frequency, lower functional vision, higher impact on work productivity, daily activities and QoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed that patients\u2019 reported burden of self-reported DED was similar across the eight European countries. Those with self-reported DED reported lower health status and functional vision compared to those without self-reported DED and these parameters worsen with increasing disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1679212025000},"page":"e067007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Patient-reported burden and overall impact of dry eye disease across eight European countries: a cross-sectional web-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kostas G","family":"Boboridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth 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