{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T21:44:25Z","timestamp":1773783865368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP20K23226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K23226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The global incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high, and the medical costs associated with its management have been increasing. Cost\u2013utility analyses (CUAs) are essential for understanding the value of healthcare interventions and for decision-making. A majority of the CUAs for CVD are model based and have cited health utilities from previously published data; standard health utilities for the CUAs of CVD have not been established yet. Thus, we aim to identify the standard utilities according to the patients\u2019 condition and disease severity in patients with major CVDs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will search Medline and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews for trial-based CUA studies that have reported on quality-adjusted life-years using original health utilities for patients with three major forms of CVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation). Papers on trial-based CUAs will be included, while those on model-based CUAs will be excluded. No restrictions will be made in terms of intervention type. The main outcome comprises the health utilities calculated on a scale of 0\u20131 (irrespective of the measurement methods) at baseline and after treatment. Two independent investigators will screen the eligibility of articles; they will extract data, including health utilities, from the eligible articles for further analysis. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. We will describe the means and SDs of the health utilities from all the included studies. The mean utility weights for individual studies will be combined through meta-analyses using a random-effects model to obtain the representative health utility value for each disease. Subgroup analyses will be conducted according to the severity and duration of each disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required. The review will be submitted to an appropriate peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42022316278.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T11:31:26Z","timestamp":1683718286000},"page":"e067045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of health utility in trial-based cost\u2013utility analyses for major cardiovascular disease: protocol for a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Nephrology and Hypertension, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7839-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Nephrology and Hypertension, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Nephrology and Hypertension, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kita Ishikai Hospital, Ozu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Nephrology and Hypertension, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812011755000_13.5.e067045.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052"},{"key":"2025101812011755000_13.5.e067045.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.009"},{"key":"2025101812011755000_13.5.e067045.3","unstructured":"The top 10 causes of death. 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