{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:34:52Z","timestamp":1784770492015,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["202102080055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102080055"]}]},{"name":"Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project of Guangdong","award":["C2020005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2020005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82170339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82270241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum chloride has a unique homeostatic role in modulating neurohormonal pathways. Some studies have reported that hypochloremia has potential prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases; thus, we aimed to investigate the association of baseline serum chloride with clinical outcomes in elderly patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participant<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1088 patients (age \u226560 years) diagnosed with NIDCM were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Logistic regression analyses showed that serum chloride was significantly associated with in-hospital death. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that serum chloride had excellent prognostic ability for in-hospital and long-term death (area under the curve (AUC)=0.690\u2009and AUC=0.710, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with hypochloremia had worse prognoses than those without hypochloremia (log-rank \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =56.69, p&lt;0.001). After adjusting for age, serum calcium, serum sodium, left ventricular ejection fraction, lg NT-proBNP and use of diuretics, serum chloride remained an independent predictor of long-term death (HR 0.934, 95%\u2009CI 0.913 to 0.954, p&lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum chloride concentration was a prognostic indicator in elderly patients with NIDCM, and hypochloremia was significantly associated with both in-hospital and long-term poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T11:21:51Z","timestamp":1671448911000},"page":"e067061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship between serum chloride and prognosis in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a large retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical 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