{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:12:59Z","timestamp":1785175979990,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFS0250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung cancer remains a highly fatal disease. Surgical resection has been proven to be the most effective treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The conventional hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is shown to reduce symptoms, improve exercise capacity and impact the quality of life (QoL) for lung cancer patients. To date, scientific evidence on the effectiveness of home-based PR for patients with lung cancer following surgery is scarce. We aim to explore if home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blind, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Participants will be recruited from West China Hospital, Sichuan University and randomly allocated to either an outpatient group or a home-based group at a ratio of 1:1. The PR programme involves self-management and exercises. The exercise includes warm-up (10 min), aerobic training (20 min), resistance training (15 min) and cool-down (10 min), lasting 4\u2009weeks, with two sessions per week either at home or in the outpatient setting. The intensity will be adjusted according to the modified Borg rating of perceived exertion and heart rate before and after each exercise session. The primary outcome is QoL measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 &amp; LC 13 after an intervention. Secondary outcomes include physical fitness measured by a 6\u2009min walk test and stair-climbing test and symptom severity measured by patient-reported questionnaires and pulmonary function. The main hypothesis is that home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial has been approved by the Ethical Committee of West China Hospital and is also registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2100053714.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1683545633000},"page":"e067845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quality of life between home-based and outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after surgical resection for lung cancer: protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junke","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutian","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0500-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guowei","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911793"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.10.127","article-title":"Lung screening benefits and challenges: a review of the data and outline for implementation","volume":"16","author":"Sands","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.3062"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.07.010"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916623"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13870","article-title":"Radiotherapy treatment for lung cancer: current status and future directions","volume":"25 Suppl 2","author":"Vinod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3","article-title":"Lung cancer","volume":"398","author":"Thai","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-0036-4"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.08.026"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.08.062"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2359"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01561-2018","article-title":"Video-Assisted thoracic lobectomy versus stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer in elderly patients: a propensity matched comparative analysis","volume":"53","author":"Detillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003231","article-title":"A national analysis of short-term outcomes and long-term survival following thoracoscopic versus open lobectomy for clinical stage II non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"273","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.03.002"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.05.017"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.08.046"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38111.639734.7C"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70031-2"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2013.03.013"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1211ST"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205944"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.01.001","article-title":"Integrating pulmonary rehabilitation into the multidisciplinary management of lung cancer: a review","volume":"109","author":"Rivas-Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13562","article-title":"Practical approach to establishing pulmonary rehabilitation for people with non-COPD diagnoses","volume":"24","author":"Granger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.25","first-page":"1983","article-title":"The usefulness of preoperative exercise therapy in patients scheduled for lung cancer surgery; a survey among Dutch pulmonologists and cardiothoracic surgeons","volume":"28","author":"Pouwels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.26","first-page":"4847","article-title":"The association of physical function and quality of life on physical activity for non-small cell lung cancer survivors","volume":"28","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt381"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2013.12.002"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520980138","article-title":"A six-week inspiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise improves respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity in lung cancer patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972310393756"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-1966ST"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx146"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208506"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212765"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.35","article-title":"Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Malaguti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02129-2016","article-title":"Home-Based maintenance tele-rehabilitation reduces the risk for acute exacerbations of COPD, hospitalisations and emergency department visits","volume":"49","author":"Vasilopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106129","article-title":"12-Months follow-up of pulmonary tele-rehabilitation versus standard pulmonary rehabilitation: a multicentre randomised clinical trial in patients with severe COPD","volume":"172","author":"Godtfredsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214246"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","article-title":"Consort 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.5.365"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)90535-5"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000015295.74812.06"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.04.006","article-title":"Validation of EORTC QLQ-LC43 for Chinese patients with lung cancer","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00150314"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borg GA . Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1982;14:377\u201381. doi:10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214019"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunelli A , Pompili C , Salati M . Low-Technology exercise test in the preoperative evaluation of lung resection candidates. monaldi archives for chest disease = archivio monaldi per Le Malattie del torace. 2010;73:72\u20138. doi:10.4081\/monaldi.2010.301","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2010.301"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.04.001","article-title":"The development and validation of huaxi emotional-distress index (hei): a Chinese questionnaire for screening depression and anxiety in non-psychiatric clinical settings","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.4.339"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.53","first-page":"468","article-title":"Simplification and validation of Leicester cough questionnaire in mandarin-chinese","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-010-1016-5"},{"key":"2025121603315463000_13.5.e067845.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.87802"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1765884730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067845","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}}}