{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:21:51Z","timestamp":1765354911863,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D43TW011304","K24AA022586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW011304","K24AA022586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol use is a global driver of HIV infection and disease progression, mediated through risky behaviour and poor antiretroviral adherence. Most studies about the burden of alcohol use among people living with HIV (PLWH)\/AIDS have been done in adult populations, but less is known about young people with HIV, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite the high level of alcohol use in these settings. The aim of this review is to collate evidence on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder (AUD) among young adults (aged 15\u201324 years) living with HIV\/AIDS in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two experienced librarians will conduct an independent article search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science databases, using relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and Boolean operators (\u2018AND\u2019, \u2018OR\u2019). We will include English-language articles that were published in peer-reviewed journals from 1 January 2000, to 25 July 2022, that documented the prevalence of AUD among young people (15\u201324 years) living with HIV in LMICs. We shall exclude systematic review articles and qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles for eligibility and data will be extracted onto a preset Excel spreadsheet. Data analysis will be done using Stata V.14.0. Heterogeneity will be assessed by use of the <jats:italic>I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                     <\/jats:italic> statistic and data will be pooled in meta-analyses where appropriate. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethical approval is not needed as this systematic review will be based on published studies. Findings from this study will be disseminated via submission for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, at conference presentations, and made available to health professionals, scientists and policy makers. Our data set can be made available on request.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Registration details<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO, CRD42022308955<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T11:00:17Z","timestamp":1672830017000},"page":"e068108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder among young adults (aged 15\u201324 years) living with HIV\/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8431-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond Felix","family":"Odokonyero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moses","family":"Ocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison Annet","family":"Kinengyere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Cook Library, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noeline","family":"Nakasujja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson W","family":"Muhwezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol S","family":"Camlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0240-3","article-title":"The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Duko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/2276-7096.192212","article-title":"Sexual behavior and risk factors for HIV infection among young people aged 15-24 years in north-central Nigeria","volume":"18","author":"Agaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Trop"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolf-King SE , Steinmaus CM , Reingold AL . An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analysis and future research directions. 2013 2020.doi:","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.v1i2.45"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5705"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.5","unstructured":"UNAIDS . Young people most at risk of HIV, 2010. Available: http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/basedocument\/2010\/2010_ypmar_en.pdf"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"APA . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. In: Va: American psychiatric association. Fifth Edition, 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.7","unstructured":"Babor TF , Higgins-Biddle JC , Saunders JB . The alcohol use disorders identification test. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001."},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1456545","article-title":"A review of the alcohol use disorders identification test (audit), AUDIT-C, and USAUDIT for screening in the United States: past issues and future directions","volume":"44","author":"Higgins-Biddle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0249-7"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13687","article-title":"Adolescent Health Series - Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Morojele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12267"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2310-3","article-title":"Alcohol use and sexual risk behavior in young women: a qualitative study","volume":"23","author":"Carey","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001624","article-title":"Alcohol use and HIV disease progression in an antiretroviral naive cohort","volume":"77","author":"Hahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.03.021","article-title":"Young adult health and well-being: a position statement of the Society for adolescent health and medicine","volume":"60","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Convention on the rights of the child United nations","volume":"1577","author":"Assembly","year":"1989","journal-title":"Treaty Series"},{"journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","author":"Stang","key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.17"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01669.x"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000857","article-title":"Performance of between-study heterogeneity measures in the Cochrane library","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2010.535631"},{"journal-title":"Epidemiology","article-title":"A quality-effects model for meta-analysis","author":"Doi","key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.22"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069930"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-006-0061-2"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9516-4"},{"key":"2025101811492806000_13.1.e068108.27","unstructured":"WHO . 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