{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1783176888183,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resource Development Program of the Science Education Institute - Department of Science and Technology","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rampant distribution of idealised images on the internet may lead the general public to improve their body appearance in a way that is sometimes excessive, compulsive or detrimental to other aspects of their lives. There is a decreasing appreciation of body image among emerging adults and an increasing trend on skin-lightening practices linked with psychological distress. This protocol describes the mixed-method approach to assess the relationships among body image perception, skin-lightening practices and mental well-being of Filipino emerging adults and determine the factors that influence them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach will be used. A cross-sectional study design will involve an online self-administered questionnaire of 1258 participants, while a case study design will involve in-depth interviews with 25 participants. Data analysis will use generalised linear models and structural equation modelling with a Bayesian network for the quantitative data. Moreover, the qualitative data will use an inductive approach in thematic analysis. A contiguous narrative approach will integrate the quantitative and qualitative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The University of the Philippines Manila Review Ethics Board has approved this protocol (UPMREB 2022-0407-01). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T10:08:06Z","timestamp":1684231686000},"page":"e068561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of body image perception and skin-lightening practices on mental health of Filipino emerging adults: a mixed-methods approach protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zypher Jude G","family":"Regencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5497-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Gouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4757-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Ann J","family":"Ladia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime C","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel S","family":"Baja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221443351000_13.5.e068561.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"2025121221443351000_13.5.e068561.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00080-7","article-title":"The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18-29 years: implications for mental health","volume":"1","author":"Arnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121221443351000_13.5.e068561.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9806-2"},{"key":"2025121221443351000_13.5.e068561.4","unstructured":"Natsuaki MN , Samuels D , Leve LD . 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