{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:50:08Z","timestamp":1765882208197,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, outcomes and overall survival time of patients with COVID-19 with and without comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken at two hospitals in Damascus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 515 Syrian patients met the inclusion criterion, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exclusion criteria were suspected and probable cases that were not confirmed with a positive reverse transcription-PCR assay, and patients who self-discharged from the hospital against medical advice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, assess the impacts of comorbidities on COVID-19 infection in four areas (clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, severity and outcomes). Second, calculate the overall survival time for patients with COVID-19 with comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 515 patients included, 316 (61.4%) were male and 347 (67.4%) had at least one coexisting chronic disease. Patients with comorbidities compared with no comorbidities were more vulnerable to poor outcomes such as severe infection (32.0% vs 9.5%, p&lt;0.001), severe complications (34.6% vs 9.5%, p&lt;0.001), the need for mechanical ventilation (28.8% vs 7.7%, p&lt;0.001) and death (32.0% vs 8.3%, p&lt;0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that age \u226565 years old, positive smoking history, having \u22652 comorbidities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were risk factors linked to severe COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities. Overall survival time was lower among patients with comorbidities (vs no comorbidities), patients with \u22652 comorbidities (vs one comorbidity), and patients with hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy or obesity (vs other comorbidities) (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed that COVID-19 infection had poor outcomes among those with comorbidities. Severe complications, mechanical ventilation usage and death were more prevalent among patients with comorbidities compared with those with no comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1679311539000},"page":"e068849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of comorbidities on hospitalised Syrian patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"Najjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Albuaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Aljbawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"AlAwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema","family":"Mohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121602452240000_13.3.e068849.1","unstructured":"WHO . 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