{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1765886409626,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost of surgical treatment for primary ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) borne by the public sector in Finland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Registry-based cost description study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary and secondary care throughout Finland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified all the patients diagnosed with primary UNE in the whole population of Finland from 2011 to 2015 from the Care Register for Health Care. From these patients, we identified those who had undergone ulnar nerve release during the year they were diagnosed or the following year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Open ulnar nerve release.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary outcome measure was cost borne by the public sector in 2015 euros. The cost of surgery was based on the diagnosis-related group prices. We calculated the cost of a single visit to a primary care physician, an electroneuromyography examination, a preoperative visit to a hand surgeon and a follow-up appointment by telephone in specialised care for each patient. These unit costs were provided by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and the same costs were used for each patient. We obtained the number of reimbursed sick days and the total amount reimbursed to each patient in euros within the 2\u2009years after diagnosis from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During our study period, approximately 1786 primary UNE diagnoses were made yearly, and on average, 876 (49%) of patients received surgical treatment annually. The surgery-related cost per patient averaged at EUR 1341 (43%) and reimbursed sick leaves at EUR 952 (30%) during this period. The annual cost of surgical treatment for UNE borne by the public sector in Finland varied between EUR 3082 and EUR 3213 per patient.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The average cost of surgical treatment for UNE in Finland was EUR 3140 per patient between 2011 and 2015.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:36:55Z","timestamp":1685615815000},"page":"e068964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cost of surgical treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment in Finland, 2011\u20132015: a registry-based cost description study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarni","family":"Hannula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Miettinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Lampainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Ryh\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulus","family":"Torkki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Helsingin Yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Hulkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.1","article-title":"Treatment for Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow","volume":"11","author":"Caliandro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE , Novak CB . Compression neuropathies. In: Wolfe SW , ed. Green\u2019s operative hand surgery E-book: expert consult: Online and Print. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2011: 977\u20131014.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-5279-1.00030-7"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193419886741","article-title":"Incidence and operations of median, Ulnar and radial Entrapment Neuropathies in Finland: a nationwide register study","volume":"45","author":"Hulkkonen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.02.010"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.066696"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw061","article-title":"Cubital tunnel syndrome: incidence and demographics in a national administrative database","volume":"80","author":"Osei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.24352","article-title":"Safety and outcomes of different surgical techniques for Cubital tunnel decompression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.01.020","article-title":"Rates of complications and secondary surgeries after in situ Cubital tunnel release compared with Ulnar nerve transposition: A retrospective review","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.10","unstructured":"Social insurance institution of Finland . Sickness allowances. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.kela.fi\/web\/en\/sickness-allowance"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.11","unstructured":"Official Statistics of Finland (OSF) . Consumer price index [E-publication]. 2022. Available: http:\/\/www.stat.fi\/til\/khi\/tau_en.html"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.05.012"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.13","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Guide to the methods of technology appraisal 2013. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013."},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005196","article-title":"Comparison of surgical encounter direct costs for three methods of Cubital tunnel decompression","volume":"143","author":"Kazmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000154132.40212.6E"},{"key":"2025101812122246000_13.6.e068964.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716679610","article-title":"Trends in open and endoscopic Cubital tunnel release in the Medicare patient population","volume":"12","author":"Law","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T19:12:31Z","timestamp":1760814751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068964","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}