{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:14:54Z","timestamp":1764994494407,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades (Spain)","award":["RTI2018-100993-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-100993-B-100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo exposure is the treatment of choice for specific phobia (SP), but this technique presents limitations related to access and acceptability. Augmented reality (AR) offers advantages like maximising strategies such as \u2018variability\u2019 (varying stimuli, durations, levels of intensity or the order of the items), control by the therapist, or \u2018exposure to multiple contexts\u2019, which can produce positive effects in terms of fear renewal and generalisation of the results. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of varying the phobic stimuli during treatment with AR: using multiple stimuli (MS) versus a single stimulus (SS) in participants with SP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (N=80) with a diagnosis of an SP of cockroaches will be randomised into two conditions: (1) projection-based AR exposure therapy with MS (P-ARET MS); (2) P-ARET with an SS (P-ARET SS). The measures are related to the efficacy results (fear, avoidance and negative thoughts, performance on the behavioural avoidance test (BAT) and preferences). The primary outcome measure is the BAT, and the secondary outcome measures are the BAT through AR, Fear of Cockroaches Questionnaire, Cockroach Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire, Fear and Avoidance Scales Patient\u2019s Improvement Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition. Five evaluation moments will be included: preintervention, postintervention, and 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. The treatment will follow the guidelines of the \u2018one-session treatment\u2019. Student\u2019s t-tests to compare the two groups on the post-test will be applied. In addition, two-way analysis of variances with repeated measures in one of the two factors (pretest, post-test and follow-ups) will be carried out to compare intragroup differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Universitat Jaume I Ethics Committee (Castell\u00f3n, Spain) granted approval for the study (CD\/64\/2019). Dissemination will include publications and presentations at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04563403\">NCT04563403<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T08:11:33Z","timestamp":1684483893000},"page":"e069026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving the efficacy of exposure therapy using projection-based augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia: a randomised clinical trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04563403","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04563403","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Palau-Batet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Bret\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Grimaldos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"D\u00edaz-Sanahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8973-1250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soledad","family":"Quero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518574821000_13.5.e069026.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0863-0","article-title":"Associations of specific phobia and its subtypes with physical diseases: an adult community study","volume":"16","author":"Witthauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120518574821000_13.5.e069026.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000086"},{"key":"2025120518574821000_13.5.e069026.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000174","article-title":"The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the world mental health surveys","volume":"47","author":"Wardenaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025120518574821000_13.5.e069026.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan PE , Gorman JM . 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