{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:37:44Z","timestamp":1786660664251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoord Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20180659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006285","name":"Magnus Bergvall Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201802669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201802669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare","award":["2018-00864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-00864"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Swedish Tattoo and Body Modifications Cohort (TABOO) cohort was established to provide an infrastructure for epidemiological studies researching the role of tattoos and other body modifications as risk factors for adverse health outcomes. It is the first population-based cohort with detailed exposure assessment of decorative, cosmetic, and medical tattoos, piercing, scarification, henna tattoos, cosmetic laser treatments, hair dyeing, and sun habits. The level of detail in the exposure assessment of tattoos allows for investigation of crude dose\u2013response relationships.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The TABOO cohort includes 13\u2009049 individuals that participated in a questionnaire survey conducted in 2021 (response rate 49%). Outcome data are retrieved from the National Patient Register, the National Prescribed Drug Register and the National Cause of Death Register. Participation in the registers is regulated by Swedish law, which eliminates the risk of loss to follow-up and associated selection bias.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The tattoo prevalence in TABOO is 21%. The cohort is currently used to clarify the incidence of acute and long-lasting health complaints after tattooing based on self-reported data. Using register-based outcome data, we are investigating the role of tattoos as a risk factor for immune-mediated disease, including hypersensitisation, foreign body reactions and autoimmune conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The register linkage will be renewed every third year to update the outcome data, and we have ethical approval to reapproach the responders with additional questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T11:09:54Z","timestamp":1683198594000},"page":"e069664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cohort profile: The Swedish Tattoo and Body Modifications Cohort (TABOO)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristofer","family":"Andr\u00e9asson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Engfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7192-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"J\u00f6ud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Research and Education, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.1","unstructured":"Piccinini P , Pakalin S , Contor L , et al . Safety of tattoos and permanent make-up: Final report. EUR 27947. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union; 2016. JRC101601."},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292627"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1406-y","article-title":"Assessment of toxic metals and hazardous substances in tattoo inks using Sy-XRF, AAS, and Raman spectroscopy","volume":"187","author":"Manso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13913","article-title":"Analytical survey of tattoo inks - a chemical and legal perspective with focus on sensitizing substances","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.5","unstructured":"Swedish Medical Products Agency . Kontroll av tatueringsf\u00e4rger f\u00f6r tatuering och permanent makeup med analysprotokoll 2020. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.lakemedelsverket.se\/491725\/globalassets\/dokument\/publikationer\/tatueringsfarger\/kontroll-av-tatueringsfarger-med-analysprotokoll-2020.pdf [Accessed 26 Oct 2022]."},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-05-17-RA-170.1"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06333.x","article-title":"Photochemical cleavage of a tattoo pigment by UVB radiation or natural sunlight","volume":"5","author":"Engel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-04-06-RA-136.1"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures","volume":"92","year":"2010","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc","volume":"93","year":"2010","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092787","article-title":"Black tattoos entail substantial uptake of genotoxicpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human skin and regional lymph nodes","volume":"9","author":"Lehner","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11721-z"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.13","first-page":"176","article-title":"Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of tattoo colorants and ingredients in mouse and man: The known and the unknown","volume":"48","author":"B\u00e4umler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000468149","article-title":"Tattoo pigments are observed in the Kupffer cells of the liver indicating blood-borne distribution of tattoo ink","volume":"233","author":"Sepehri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.2.245"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008"},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.18","unstructured":"Engdahl B . Kvalitetsdeklaration: Statistik om hj\u00e4rtinfarkter 2020. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/statistik\/2021-12-7648-kvalitetsdeklaration.pdf [Accessed 26 Oct 2022]."},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.19","unstructured":"Lovering C . Kvalitetsdeklaration: Statistik om stroke 2020. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/statistik\/2021-12-7643-kvalitetsdeklaration.pdf [Accessed 26 Oct 2022]."},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.20","unstructured":"Ohlin M , Otterdal P . Det statistiska registrets framst\u00e4llning och kvalitet: L\u00e4kemedelsregistret. 2021. Available: URL: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/dokument-webb\/statistik\/statistiska-registrets-framstallning-kvalitet-lakemedelsregistret.pdf [Accessed 26 Oct 2022]."},{"key":"2025101810562590000_13.5.e069664.21","unstructured":"de Munter J . Det statistiska registrets framst\u00e4llning och kvalitet: D\u00f6dsorsaksregistret. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/statistik\/2022-5-7909.pdf [Accessed 26 Oct 2022]."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:56:37Z","timestamp":1760810197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069664","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}}}