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Thus far, the predictive ability of this tool has been inconsistent. Therefore, we aim to conduct a literature review on the predictive ability of the SBT to determine the outcomes of patients with LBP. The results of this review should improve the ability of the SBT to predict poor outcomes in patients with LBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang will be searched for studies on SBT and LBP from their inception until 31 March 2023. Longitudinal studies investigating the association between SBT subgroups and LBP outcomes, including pain, disability and quality of life, will be included. The identified studies will be independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. A standardised sheet will be used to extract data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity will be evaluated by the \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test with Cochran\u2019s Q statistic and quantified by the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. The results will be synthesised qualitatively and presented as pooled risk ratios or beta coefficients quantitatively. The results will also be presented using their 95% confidence limits. Publication bias will be assessed using the method proposed by Egger and by visual inspection of funnel plots.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of original studies that received ethics approval. Therefore, prior ethical approval is not required for this study. The findings will be submitted to relevant peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at profession-specific conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42022309189.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T13:17:19Z","timestamp":1691673439000},"page":"e069818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictive performance of the STarT Back tool for poor outcomes in patients with low back pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4823-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhua","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation medicine department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation medicine department, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation medicine department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengmei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation medicine department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangfan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Encephalopathy rehabilitation fifth department, Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lian-Hong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation medicine department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"386","author":"Vos","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34347"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2367"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000256447.72623.56","article-title":"Psychosocial variables in patients with (Sub)Acute low back pain: an inception cohort in primary care physical therapy in the Netherlands","volume":"32","author":"Heneweer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110061744"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.6","first-page":"334","article-title":"Predicting persistent disabling low back pain in general practice: a prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.09.010"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.1.8","article-title":"A psychosocial risk factor--targeted intervention for the prevention of chronic pain and disability following whiplash injury","volume":"86","author":"Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110071"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23563"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60937-9"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.06.010"},{"key":"2025120521363331000_13.8.e069818.13","unstructured":"Guideline C . 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