{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:05:20Z","timestamp":1789005920423,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To better understand the relative influence of fetal and maternal factors in determining the choice-of-care pathway (CCP) and outcome in the fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, population-based study of fetuses with HLHS from a national dataset with near-complete case ascertainment from 20 weeks\u2019 gestation. Fetal cardiac and non-cardiac factors were recorded from the patient record and maternal factors from the national maternity dataset. The primary endpoint was a prenatal decision for active treatment after birth (intention-to-treat). Factors associated with a delayed diagnosis (\u226524 weeks\u2019 gestation) were also reviewed. Secondary endpoints included proceeding to surgical treatment, and 30-day postoperative mortality in liveborns with an intention-to-treat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New Zealand population-wide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of HLHS between 2006 and 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 105 fetuses, the CCP was intention-to-treat in 43 (41%), and pregnancy termination or comfort care in 62 (59%). Factors associated with intention-to-treat by multivariable analysis included a delay in diagnosis (OR: 7.8, 95% CI: 3.0 to 20.6, p&lt;0.001) and domicile in the maternal fetal medicine (MFM) region with the most widely dispersed population (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.4 to 20.3, p=0.02). Delay in diagnosis was associated with M\u0101ori maternal ethnicity compared with European (OR: 12.9, 95% CI: 3.1 to 54, p&lt;0.001) and greater distance from the MFM centre (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2 to 8.2, p=0.02). In those with a prenatal intention-to-treat, a decision not to proceed to surgery was associated with maternal ethnicity other than European (p=0.005) and the presence of major non-cardiac anomalies (p=0.01). Thirty-day postoperative mortality occurred in 5\/32 (16%) and was more frequent when there were major non-cardiac anomalies (p=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Factors associated with the prenatal CCP relate to healthcare access. Anatomic characteristics impact treatment decisions after birth and early postoperative mortality. The association of ethnicity with delayed prenatal diagnosis and postnatal decision-making suggests systemic inequity and requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T14:14:45Z","timestamp":1681395285000},"page":"e069848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Factors influencing the choice-of-care pathway and survival in the fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in New Zealand: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Soszyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elza","family":"Cloete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Auckland Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Neonatal Unit, Christchurch Women\u2019s Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"The University of Auckland Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique W M","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9367-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue","family":"Crengle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otago Medical School Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Auckland Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Finucane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas L","family":"Gentles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland Department of Paediatrics Child and Youth Health, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605492176000_13.4.e069848.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301063080106"},{"key":"2025121605492176000_13.4.e069848.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.10.022","article-title":"The new zealand norwood procedure experience: 22-year cumulative review","volume":"26","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Lung 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