{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1792030307297,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81170249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81170249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has shown an association of higher heart rate with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and AF is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between RHR and AF in the general population of China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community based.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 46\u2009126 individuals from the Kailuan study who participated in the first three surveys (2006\/2007, 2008\/2009 and 2010\/2011) and were followed up at 2-year intervals were enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between RHR and risk of incident AF was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and forty-one individuals (0.52%) developed AF during 7.5 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, low-density and high-density lipoprotein, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, mean systolic blood pressure, and history of diabetes and hypertension, the HRs were 2.32 (95% CI 1.45 to 3.72) for an RHR &lt;60\u2009beats\/min and 2.80 (1.13 to 6.94) for an RHR \u2265100\u2009beats\/min in comparison with an RHR of 70\u201380 beats\/min. Restricted cubic spline models revealed a U-shaped relationship between RHR and incident AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that RHR and incident AF have a U-shaped relationship in the Chinese general population. Both lower and higher RHRs were associated with an increased risk of AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:31:33Z","timestamp":1682688693000},"page":"e070312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Resting heart rate and risk of atrial fibrillation in Chinese general population: Kailuan prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7027-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mao Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuijuan","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605050231000_13.4.e070312.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019897870"},{"key":"2025121605050231000_13.4.e070312.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317915"},{"key":"2025121605050231000_13.4.e070312.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.037","article-title":"Association of cumulative exposure to resting heart rate with risk of stroke in general population: the kailuan cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2025121605050231000_13.4.e070312.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B , Li H , Han X , et al . 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