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The study population includes all adults registered in Sweden in the year before the start of the pandemic (2019), as well as individuals who immigrated to Sweden or turned 18 years of age after the start of the pandemic (2020). Our analyses will primarily cover the period from 31 January 2020 to 31 December 2022, with updates depending on the progression of the pandemic. We will evaluate COVID-19 mortality differences between foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals by examining each mechanism (differential exposure and effects) separately, while considering potential effect modification by country of birth and socioeconomic factors. Planned statistical modelling techniques include mediation analyses, multilevel models, Poisson regression and event history analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This project has been granted all necessary ethical permissions from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-0048-01) for accessing and analysing deidentified data. The final outputs will primarily be disseminated as scientific articles published in open-access peer-reviewed international journals, as well as press releases and policy briefs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T14:01:54Z","timestamp":1682344914000},"page":"e070670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Explaining COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden from a social determinants of health perspective (COVIS): protocol for a national register-based observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9086-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol Pia","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0800-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Honkaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddartha","family":"Aradhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University Demography Unit, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5772-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Debiasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivasa Vittal","family":"Katikireddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agneta F","family":"Cederstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Mussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University Demography Unit, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6973-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Rostila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512512385000_13.4.e070670.1","unstructured":"WHO . 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