{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:22:14Z","timestamp":1790857334742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses in Northwestern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022. The data were collected using a validated and standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at p&lt;0.05 and the adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted in small-scale businesses in the North Gondar Zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 618 cashiers participated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome of the study is the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which was measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The response rate was 97.5% (N=618). The majority (373; 60.4%) of the study participants were female. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of the participants was 30 (\u00b18.3) years. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months was found to be 75.4% (n=466) (95%\u2009CI 71.8%, 78.8%). Marital status (married) (AOR=2.12; 95%\u2009CI 1.26, 3.56), lack of physical exercise (AOR=2.07; 95%\u2009CI 1.32, 3.23), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.55; 95%\u2009CI 2.18, 5.78) and awkward work posture (AOR=2.40; 95%\u2009CI 1.43, 4.0) were significant factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sampled cashiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study concluded that the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high among cashiers in small-scale businesses. Being married, a lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption and awkward work posture were significant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, it is recommended taking part in physical activity, avoiding alcohol consumption and avoiding awkward work posture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T12:49:05Z","timestamp":1689857345000},"page":"e070746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9428-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amensisa","family":"Hailu Tesfaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belay","family":"Desye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garedew Tadege","family":"Engdaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121601553674000_13.7.e070746.1","unstructured":"Leah C . 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