{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T22:46:45Z","timestamp":1781131605763,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002327","name":"Kela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["29\/26\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29\/26\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/S00744X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/S00744X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainion S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202300041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202300041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unhealthy behaviours are associated with increased sickness absence (SA), but few studies have considered person-oriented approach in these associations. Using latent class analysis, we examined clustering of unhealthy behaviours among Finnish municipal employees and their associations with subsequent SA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective register-linkage study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unhealthy behaviours (low leisure-time physical activity, non-daily fruit and vegetable consumption, insufficient sleep, excessive alcohol use and tobacco use) were derived from the Helsinki Health Study questionnaire survey, collected in 2017 among 19- to 39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4002 employees (81% women) of the City of Helsinki, Finland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The questionnaire data were prospectively linked to employer\u2019s SA register through March 2020. Associations between latent classes of unhealthy behaviours and subsequent SA (1\u20137 days\/8+ days\/all lengths) were examined using negative binomial regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among women, a three-class latent class model was selected: (1) few unhealthy behaviours (84%), (2) excessive alcohol and tobacco use (12%) and (3) several unhealthy behaviours (5%). Women belonging to classes 2 and 3 had increased SA rates compared with those in class 1, regardless of the length of SA spells. Among men, a 2-latent class model was selected: (1) few unhealthy behaviours (53%) and (2) several unhealthy behaviours (47%). Men belonging to class 2 had increased rates of 1\u20137 days\u2019 SA compared with men in class 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that preventive actions aiming to reduce employees\u2019 SA should consider simultaneously several unhealthy behaviours. Targeted interventions may benefit of identifying the clustering of these behaviours among occupational groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T10:16:31Z","timestamp":1683800191000},"page":"e070883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Latent classes of unhealthy behaviours and their associations with subsequent sickness absence: a prospective register-linkage study among Finnish young and early midlife employees"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jatta","family":"Salmela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jouni","family":"Lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Kanerva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ossi","family":"Rahkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-8312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Kouvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tea","family":"Lallukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514174391000_13.5.e070883.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30201-9","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study","volume":"3","author":"Virtanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2025121514174391000_13.5.e070883.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045678","article-title":"Influence of lifestyle risk factors on work ability and sick leave in a general working population in Norway: a 5-year longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"De Bortoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121514174391000_13.5.e070883.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.039248"},{"key":"2025121514174391000_13.5.e070883.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-012-0793-1","article-title":"The role of lifestyle, health, and work in educational inequalities in sick leave and productivity loss at work","volume":"86","author":"Robroek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2025121514174391000_13.5.e070883.5","unstructured":"The Social Insurance Institution of Finland . 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