{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:41:51Z","timestamp":1770961311469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1170755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1170755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australian practices for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are lengthy and require specialist expertise. Specialist teams are based in urban locations; they are expensive and have prolonged waitlists. Innovative, flexible solutions are needed to ensure First Nations children living in rural\/remote communities have culturally appropriate and equitable access to timely diagnosis and support. This study compares the accuracy of rapid assessments (index tests) that can be administered by a range of primary healthcare practitioners to specialist standardised FASD assessments (reference tests). The cost-efficiency of index tests will be compared with reference tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At least 200 children aged 6\u201316 years at-risk of FASD will be recruited across at least seven study sites. Following standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy study (STARD) guidelines, all children will complete index and reference tests. Diagnostic accuracy statistics (including receiver operating curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios) will identify whether rapid assessments can accurately identify: (1) the presence of an FASD diagnosis and (2) impairment in each neurodevelopmental domain, compared to comprehensive assessments. Direct and indirect healthcare costs for index tests compared to reference tests will be collected in primary healthcare and specialist settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination of results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children\u2019s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC\/20\/QCHQ\/63173); Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee (2020\/743). Results will assist in validating the use of index tests as part of a tiered neurodevelopmental assessment process that was co-designed with First Nations community and primary healthcare practitioners. Outcomes will be summarised and provided to participating practitioners and sites, and disseminated to community health services and consumers. Findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12622000498796.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T13:33:52Z","timestamp":1692192832000},"page":"e071004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy and economic value of a Tiered Assessment for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (DATAforFASD): Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3849-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianne C","family":"Shanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute 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