{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:55:26Z","timestamp":1791849326489,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Second Century Fund Chulalongkorn University","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Thanyarak Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most feasible screening tool compared with clinical breast examination and mammography. It is crucial to address the associated factors of practising BSE to develop a targeted BSE promotion programme and improve the BSE quality in Thai women, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study in Thailand\u2019s north and northeast region from March 2020 to November 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study involved 405\u2009women aged 30\u201370 years old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Variables and outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic information, health status and BSE were collected using a modified questionnaire based on the Champion Health Belief Model. The outcomes were ever-practising BSE, BSE practice within the last 6\u2009months, continuity of BSE and confidence in doing BSE. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis identified the associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>75.55% of participants ever performed BSE. Around 74.18% did BSE within the last 6\u2009months. Diploma graduates (adjusted OR (aOR) 25.48, 95% CI 2.04 to 318.07), 21\u201340 reproductive years (aOR 4.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 15.08), ever pregnant (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.49), not drinking alcohol (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.55), not receiving hormone replacement (aOR 5.51, 95% CI 2.04 to 14.89), higher knowledge (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52), attitude (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26) and practice\/cues of action towards BSE were associated with ever-practising BSE. Frequent high-fat diet, high awareness of breast cancer, lower knowledge of BSE and lower attitude toward BSE were associated with not practising BSE within 6 months and BSE discontinuation. Only high knowledge of BSE was associated with absolute confidence in BSE (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite having a higher percentage than other studies in different countries prior to the pandemic, it is still crucial to improve knowledge of BSE to encourage BSE practice, confidence and continuity of BSE in Thai women. Moreover, the BSE campaign should target women with prolonged exposure to oestrogen and sedentary lifestyle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T12:50:18Z","timestamp":1690894218000},"page":"e071306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Practice, confidence and continuity of breast self-examination among women in Thailand during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Surasak","family":"Taneepanichskul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montakarn","family":"Chuemchit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pokkate","family":"Wongsasuluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandee","family":"Sirichokchatchawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuchanad","family":"Hounnaklang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onuma","family":"Zongram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saowanee","family":"Sematong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramon","family":"Viwattanakulvanid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bumi","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121404293470000_13.8.e071306.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/CPath.s31563"},{"key":"2025121404293470000_13.8.e071306.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"2025121404293470000_13.8.e071306.3","unstructured":"Organization WH . 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