{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T01:11:26Z","timestamp":1794100286803,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science of Fujian Province","award":["2023J011241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J011241"]}]},{"name":"Nursing Sciences Foundation of Fujian Cancer Hospital.","award":["(NO. 2023YN24)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NO. 2023YN24)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research aimed to assess the levels of cognitive function and its contributing factors among individuals experiencing cancer pain (CP) in mainland China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The investigation was undertaken within three tertiary oncology hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 220 hospitalised individuals who reported experiencing cancer-related pain and consented to complete the research questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The collected data encompassed sociodemographic and clinical variables, augmented by results from validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment (CI) was evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive (FACT-Cog) scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 148. Sleep quality, depression and anxiety were assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with CI in individuals with CP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 225 individuals approached, 220 (97.8%) participated in the study. The mean FACT-Cog score for those with CP was 101.29 (SD=25.24; range=25\u2013148). The prevalence of CI among these individuals was 35.90%. Sleep quality was rated below medium in 45% of participants with CP. More than moderate pain was reported by 28.2%, with 64.6% experiencing depression and 38.6% experiencing anxiety. Increased odds of developing CI were observed in those with CP (OR 1.422, 95% CI 1.129 to 1.841), depression (OR 1.119, 95% CI 1.029 to 1.2117), anxiety (OR 1.107, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.220), advancing age (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.073), poor sleep quality (OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.252) and a history of smoking (OR 3.811, 95% CI 1.668 to 8.707).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CI associated with CP is notably prevalent in China. Those older, with a smoking history, inadequate sleep, more severe pain, depression and anxiety, have a heightened risk of CI. Consequently, interventions need to be personalised, addressing these key determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:19:08Z","timestamp":1704845948000},"page":"e071417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cognitive function and its associated factors among patients with cancer pain: a multicentre cross-sectional study in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongbo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ShuFang","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001474","article-title":"Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer Statistics 2020","volume":"134","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.02.003","article-title":"Microglia in cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment","volume":"44","author":"Gibson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz090","article-title":"The effect of exercise on cancer-related cognitive impairment and applications for physical therapy: systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"100","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.4","article-title":"Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: an examination of conceptual and statistical cognitive domains using principal component analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.06.017","article-title":"Psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of the English and Chinese versions of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cognitive in Asian patients with breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-0438","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 37-item functional assessment of cancer therapy-cognitive function (FACT-Cog) scale","volume":"18","author":"Hajj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.340","article-title":"Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv166","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy152","article-title":"Management of cancer pain in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Fallon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00372.2009","article-title":"Involuntary orienting of attention to nociceptive events: neural and behavioral signatures","volume":"102","author":"Legrain","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.10","first-page":"469","article-title":"Evidences of memory dysfunction and maladaptive coping in chronic low back pain and rheumatoid arthritis patients: challenges for rehabilitation","volume":"45","author":"Jorge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.21.07626-6","article-title":"Updates and new challenges in the prevention of dementia","volume":"112","author":"Giubilei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2013.34.5.347","article-title":"The association between pain and depression, anxiety, and cognitive function among advanced cancer patients in the Hospice ward","volume":"34","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973661","article-title":"Correlates of cognitive impairment in the elderly in China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.tk16043ah5c","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with depression: awareness, assessment, and management","volume":"78","author":"Culpepper","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp515","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health conditions in cancer patients in acute care--a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Singer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-012-0405-7","article-title":"Cognitive function in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and healthy controls","volume":"21","author":"Ando-Tanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709990567","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive decline after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"Vearncombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945913482052","article-title":"Understanding sample size determination in nursing research","volume":"35","author":"Hayat","year":"2013","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-023-02095-0","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in women with breast cancer: Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cognitive function tool","volume":"21","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.12.486","article-title":"The structure of the FACT-Cog V3 in cancer patients, students, and older adults","volume":"55","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.21","first-page":"75","article-title":"Reliability and validity test and optimal cut-off value of the Chinese version of cancer patient functional assessment-cognitive function scale in patients with gastrointestinal tumors","volume":"40","author":"XU","year":"2023","journal-title":"Military Nursing"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216316664492","article-title":"Feasibility of assessing patients' acceptable pain in a randomized controlled trial on a patient pain education program","volume":"31","author":"Oldenmenger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25514","article-title":"Screening for major depression in cancer outpatients: the diagnostic accuracy of the 9-item patient health questionnaire","volume":"117","author":"Thekkumpurath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-016-9571-9","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the generalized anxiety disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"39","author":"Rutter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119872755","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in bereaved family Caregivers of patients with advanced cancer","volume":"37","author":"Oechsle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0038","article-title":"Adult cancer pain, version 3.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"17","author":"Swarm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.29","first-page":"36","article-title":"Cognitive impairment associated with cancer: A brief review","volume":"15","author":"Pendergrass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000254","article-title":"Cancer-related cognitive impairment in older adults","volume":"11","author":"Edelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7159","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1589-z","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative damage in the hippocampus","volume":"56","author":"Bagnall-Moreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.02.012","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and pain among nursing home residents with cancer","volume":"55","author":"Dub\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.05.128","article-title":"Neurocognitive function and progression in patients with brain metastases treated with whole-brain radiation and Motexafin Gadolinium: results of a randomized phase III trial","volume":"22","author":"Meyers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.11.003","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older in Guangzhou, China","volume":"75","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000381536","article-title":"Improving the measurement of cognitive ability in geriatric patients","volume":"40","author":"Lebedeva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111488","article-title":"Influencing factors of subjective cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults","volume":"18","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.12.032","article-title":"Effects of smoking history on selective attention in schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Hahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.08.062","article-title":"Schizophrenia, smoking status, and performance on the Matrics cognitive consensus battery","volume":"246","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473709666160803101633","article-title":"Smoking and cognition","volume":"9","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.40","first-page":"CC01","article-title":"Impact of quantified smoking status on cognition in young adults","volume":"9","author":"Vajravelu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2011.557598","article-title":"Mid-life smoking and cognition","volume":"14","author":"Pines","year":"2011","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr145","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced Microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter","volume":"134","author":"Gons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23014","article-title":"The effect of age and smoking on the hippocampus and memory in late middle age","volume":"28","author":"Hawkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-36","article-title":"Smoking, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly, a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2019.1598539","article-title":"The role of social and behavioral risk factors in explaining racial disparities in age-related cognitive impairment: a structured narrative review","volume":"27","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003037","article-title":"Role of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep-wake disturbances for stroke and stroke recovery","volume":"87","author":"Hermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy182","article-title":"Dissociable effects of self-reported daily sleep duration on high-level cognitive abilities","volume":"41","author":"Wild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1188\/03.CJON.174-177","article-title":"Assessing pain in cognitively impaired older adults with cancer","volume":"7","author":"Soscia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-1591(02)00079-X","article-title":"Immune-to-central nervous system communication and its role in Modulating pain and cognition: implications for cancer and cancer treatment","volume":"17 Suppl 1","author":"Maier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16293","article-title":"Pain patterns and treatment among nursing home residents with moderate-severe cognitive impairment","volume":"68","author":"Ersek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx162","article-title":"Pain in patients with different dementia subtypes, mild cognitive impairment, and subjective cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Binnekade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-009-0098-x","article-title":"Confronting Chemobrain: an in-depth look at survivors' reports of impact on work, social networks, and health care response","volume":"3","author":"Boykoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817709235","article-title":"Clinical assessment of cognitive function in patients with head and neck cancer: prevalence and correlates","volume":"157","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00334.x","article-title":"Psychiatric Co-morbidities in patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain: a Multicentre cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Radat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/aetkin","article-title":"A Neurobiological approach to the cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders","volume":"15","author":"Etkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19030315","article-title":"Associations of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, and other Anxiolytics with subsequent dementia in patients with affective disorders: A nationwide cohort and nested case-control study","volume":"177","author":"Osler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10389","article-title":"The panorama of opioid-related cognitive dysfunction in patients with cancer: a critical literature appraisal","volume":"94","author":"Lawlor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025121515204298000_14.1.e071417.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302008000600018","article-title":"Opioids and cognition in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Kurita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T23:21:04Z","timestamp":1765840864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}}}