{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:14:05Z","timestamp":1778048045034,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leeds Benevolent Society for Single Ladies","award":["Registered Charity # 1155794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Registered Charity # 1155794"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many women attempt to manage urinary incontinence (UI) independently with variable success while health professionals may be unaware of their needs. This study aimed to (1) understand older women\u2019s experiences of UI, their self-management strategies and support needs; (2) explore health professionals\u2019 experiences of supporting women and providing relevant services and (3) combine their experiences contribute to development of a theory-based and evidence-based self-management package for UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 older women with UI and 11 specialist health professionals. Data were analysed independently using the framework approach, then synthesised in a triangulation matrix to identify implications for content and delivery of the self-management package.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community centres, community continence clinic and urogynaecology centre of a local teaching hospital in northern England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women aged 55 years and over who self-reported symptoms of UI and health professionals delivering UI services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three overarching themes emerged. Older women see UI as a \u2018fact of life\u2019 but many struggle with it: women typically considered UI as part of ageing yet expressed annoyance, distress, embarrassment and had made significant lifestyle changes. Access to information and limited high-quality professional support: health professionals provided specialist UI care and information. Yet less than half of women accessed specialist services, those who had, highly valued these services. \u2018Trial and error\u2019 with different self-management strategies: women had tried or were using different strategies (continence pads, pelvic floor exercises, bladder management and training, fluid management and medication), with mixed success. Health professionals provided evidence-based, personalised support and motivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings informed the content of the self-management package that focused on providing facts, acknowledging challenges of living with\/self-managing UI, sharing others\u2019 experiences, using motivational strategies and self-management tools. Delivery preferences were independent use by women or working through the package with a health professional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T14:41:45Z","timestamp":1688395305000},"page":"e071831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring support, experiences and needs of older women and health professionals to inform a self-management package for urinary incontinence: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cath","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valid Research Ltd, Wetherby, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Iles-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK"},{"name":"Corporate Nursing, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401324934000_13.7.e071831.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704"},{"key":"2025121401324934000_13.7.e071831.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2017.03.012","article-title":"Consensus document on the detection and diagnosis of urinary Incontinence in older people","volume":"8","author":"Aharony","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Geriatric Medicine"},{"key":"2025121401324934000_13.7.e071831.3","unstructured":"NHS England . 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