{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:25:14Z","timestamp":1789215914823,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Arthritis Research United Kingdom Orthopaedic clinical research fellowship","award":["19550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19550"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the effect of age-related rotator cuff tears on shoulder strength in a general population cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was set in an outpatient clinic setting in Chingford, North East London, and was a component of the 20\u2009year visit of the Chingford 1000\u2009women cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals were part of the Chingford 1000\u2009women cohort, a 20-year-old longitudinal population study. This cohort has been extensively characterised as representative of the population of the UK. At the 20\u2009year visit, 446 attended for shoulder assessment and were aged between 64 and 87.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isometric shoulder abduction strength measured using a Nottingham Mecmesin Myometer and the presence of rotator cuff pathology, determined via ultrasound examination (GE voluson i portable ultrasound machine with a 10-16MHz linear probe). Shoulders were classified into normal, abnormal tendon\/partial tear, full-thickness tears (&gt;0\u2009and \u22642.5\u2009cm) and full-thickness tears (&gt;2.5\u2009cm). Symptoms were defined using the Oxford Shoulder Score, where an abnormal score was defined as symptomatic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>446\u2009women (891 shoulders) aged 71 (range 65\u201384) were included in the study. Age, the presence of pain and the non-dominant arm were demonstrated to reduce strength. Rotator cuff tears and pathology had no isolated effect on shoulder strength in those aged under 70. However, in the over 70s full-thickness tears&gt;0\u2009and \u22642.5\u2009cm, and &gt;2.5\u2009cm had mean reductions of 6.3 and 12.7 N, respectively (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rotator cuff tears of all sizes in those aged under 70 were not associated with a loss of shoulder strength. In those aged over 70, strength was reduced by 30% with small and 40% with large full thickness tears. Loss in strength was associated a loss of ability to perform activities of daily living but only for large tears.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T21:15:47Z","timestamp":1689628547000},"page":"e071908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationship between shoulder abduction strength and rotator cuff tear in elderly women: a general population study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Hinsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0588-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Ganderton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel K","family":"Arden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.5.308"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059175","article-title":"Prevalence of rotator cuff tendon tears and symptoms in a Chingford general population cohort, and the resultant impact on UK health services: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"12","author":"Hinsley","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2021.2014","article-title":"The intra-Rater and inter-Rater reliability of hand-held Dynamometry for shoulder strength assessment in circus arts students","volume":"36","author":"Ganderton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.07.001","article-title":"Hand-held Dynamometry strength measures for internal and external rotation demonstrate superior reliability, lower minimal detectable change and higher correlation to Isokinetic Dynamometry than externally-fixed Dynamometry of the shoulder","volume":"21","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00023","article-title":"A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder","volume":"1987","author":"Constant","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.022"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90220-8"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B2.0780229","article-title":"An evaluation of the constant-Murley shoulder assessment","volume":"78","author":"Conboy","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.08.002"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511426003"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1875-7","article-title":"Constant-Murley score: systematic review and standardized evaluation in different shoulder Pathologies","volume":"27","author":"Vrotsou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025101811092150000_13.7.e071908.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards RR , An KN , Bigliani LU , et al . 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