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We examined if there is support for these observations using primary care records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted two nested case\u2013control studies using primary and secondary brain tumours identified within CPRD between 2000 and 2016. We selected cases and controls among the population of individuals who had been treated with any anti-diabetic or anti-hyperlipidaemic medication to reduce confounding by indication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults older than 18 years registered with a general practitioner in the UK contributing data to CPRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 7496 individuals with any brain tumour (4471 primary; 3025 secondary) in total. After restricting cases and controls to those prescribed any anti-diabetic or anti-hyperlipidaemic medication, there were 1950 cases and 7791 controls in the fibrate and 480 cases with 1920 controls in the glitazone analyses. Longer use of glitazones compared with all other anti-diabetic medications was associated with a reduced risk of primary (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.89 per year, 95%\u2009CI 0.80 to 0.98), secondary (aOR 0.87 per year, 95%\u2009CI 0.77 to 0.99) or combined brain tumours (aOR 0.88 per year, 95%\u2009CI 0.81 to 0.95). There was little evidence that fibrate exposure was associated with risk of either primary or secondary brain tumours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longer exposure to glitazones was associated with reduced primary and secondary brain tumour risk. Further basic science and population-based research should explore this finding in greater detail, in terms of replication and mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T12:25:34Z","timestamp":1707481534000},"page":"e072026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of drugs for hyperlipidaemia and diabetes and risk of primary and secondary brain tumours: nested case\u2013control studies using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jamie W","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha Maria Christine","family":"Elwenspoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) West, Univeristy of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Theresa","family":"Redaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) West, Univeristy of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathreena M","family":"Kurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) West, Univeristy of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121515011950000_14.2.e072026.1","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK . 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