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The U-BIRTH study aims to (1) assess the impact of exposure to peripartum mental illness on the children\u2019s development taking into account biological and environmental factors during intrauterine life and childhood; (2) identify early predictors of child neurodevelopmental and psychological problems using biophysiological, psychosocial and environmental variables available during pregnancy and early post partum.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All mothers participating in the previous BASIC cohort are invited, and mother\u2013child dyads recruited in the U-BIRTH study are consecutively invited to questionnaire assessments and biological sampling when the child is 18 months, 6 years and 11 years old. Data collection at 18 months (n=2882) has been completed. Consent for participation has been obtained from 1946 families of children having reached age 6 and from 698 families of children having reached age 11 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on the complete data from pregnancy to 18 months post partum, peripartum mental health was significantly associated with the development of attentional control and gaze-following behaviours, which are critical to cognitive and social learning later in life. Moreover, infants of depressed mothers had an elevated risk of difficult temperament and behavioural problems compared with infants of non-depressed mothers. Analyses of biological samples showed that peripartum depression and anxiety were related to DNA methylation differences in infants. However, there were no methylation differences in relation to infants\u2019 behavioural problems at 18 months of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given that the data collection at 18 months is complete, analyses are now being undertaken. Currently, assessments for children reaching 6 and 11 years are ongoing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T12:06:42Z","timestamp":1699618002000},"page":"e072839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cohort profile: the U-BIRTH study on peripartum depression and child development in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1787-3548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsing-Fen","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Kunovac Kallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Elofsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Ramklint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkistis","family":"Skalkidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812523453000_13.11.e072839.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002","article-title":"Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology","volume":"28","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025101812523453000_13.11.e072839.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003"},{"key":"2025101812523453000_13.11.e072839.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0629-1","article-title":"A review of longitudinal studies on antenatal and postnatal depression","volume":"19","author":"Underwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"2025101812523453000_13.11.e072839.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db"},{"key":"2025101812523453000_13.11.e072839.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell AR , Gordon H , Lindquist A , et al . 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