{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:47Z","timestamp":1787017067572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72174013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72174013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AIA210011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIA210011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of the Education and Training Programme for Excellent Physicians in China on medical students\u2019 academic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of China Medical Student Survey (CMSS, 2021) and administrative data of the first-stage Medical Licensing Examination\u2014the Standardised Competence Test for Clinical Medicine Undergraduates (the Test, 2021). CMSS used a stratified sampling process, with all undergraduate clinical medicine students participating voluntarily.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This programme is implemented at the class level within reformed medical schools, targeting undergraduate students in 5-year clinical medicine in China. The reformed medical schools run pilot classes and traditional classes simultaneously. The analytic sample was a total of 12\u2009243 observations from pilot and traditional classes in 34 medical schools which implemented the reform across 19 provinces in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study applied the propensity score matching method to estimate the effect of the reform by comparing the scores of the Test between pilot and traditional classes within the same medical schools. We further explored the potential mechanisms driving the effect from two facets of the Test: medical knowledge modules and cognitive levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilot classes outperformed traditional classes by 0.104 SD on the Test (95%\u2009CI 0.037 to 0.171). Improvements were seen in basic medicine and clinical medicine modules (0.109 and 0.101 SD, respectively) and cognitive levels of memorisation and application (0.116 and 0.111 SD, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that the reform had a significant positive impact on medical students\u2019 academic performance. Based on the components of this reform and the potential mechanism analysis of the two facets, this study indicates that curriculum reform in integrated learning and teaching methods reform in the adoption of problem-based learning may have been the possible drivers of this positive impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:41:38Z","timestamp":1695300098000},"page":"e072940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of the Education and Training Programme for Excellent Physicians in China on medical students\u2019 academic performance: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehua","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education\/National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education\/National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Education\/National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0213-3","article-title":"Medical education and the Healthcare system - Why does the curriculum need to be reformed","volume":"12","author":"Quintero","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-020-10010-1","article-title":"Healthcare systems and the sciences of health professional education","volume":"25","author":"Hays","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv in Health Sci Educ"},{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003737","article-title":"Teaching public and population health in medical education: an evaluation framework","volume":"95","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-1938-7","article-title":"Addressing the health advocate role in medical education","volume":"20","author":"Boroumand","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61097-1"},{"key":"2025121604202422000_13.9.e072940.6","unstructured":"Li HWC . n.d. \u201cReform direction of medical education in China: implementing \"competency-based\" medical education\u201d. 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