{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:32:39Z","timestamp":1765737159735,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21MD016201-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21MD016201-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) is prevalent in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and contributes to significant suffering and financial cost. Mobile health approaches such as short messaging service (SMS) texting have led to better control of HTN in the general population. Despite the high utilisation of mobile phones by PEH, SMS texting to support HTN control has not been evaluated among this population. We hypothesise that an SMS testing programme will enhance health communication, information management, outreach and care coordination, and provide behavioural support to address some barriers to HTN management in PEH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will use a mixed-methods study design to address two objectives: First, it will evaluate, in a randomised controlled trial, the efficacy of a 6-month SMS texting strategy vs an attention control on blood pressure reduction and adherence to medications and clinical appointments in 120 adults PEH with uncontrolled HTN. Outcomes will be measured at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. Second, it will assess patients\u2019 and providers\u2019 acceptability and experience of SMS texting using semistructured interviews with PEH (n=30) and providers (n=10). The study will be conducted in shelter clinics in New York City in collaboration with community organisations. The primary statistical analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial results will be reported as comparative summary statistics (difference in response rate or means) with 95% CIs and in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Interviews will be transcribed, coded and analysed using an inductive grounded theory analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at George Washington University. Written consent will be obtained from participants. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05187013\">NCT05187013<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:47:45Z","timestamp":1698673665000},"page":"e073041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["SMS text intervention for uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive homeless adults in shelter clinics of New York City: protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05187013","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03034993","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7646-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Asgary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Bauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Naderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gbenga","family":"Ogedegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, NYU Langone Health-NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.1","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness . The state of homelessness in America 2020. Available: https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/homelessness-statistics\/state-ofhomelessness-2020 [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.2","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness . The state of homelessness in America 2013. Homeless Research Institute. Available: http:\/\/www.ncdsv.org\/images\/NAEH_StateOfHomelessnessInAmerica_4-2013.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.3","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of homelessness among US veterans","volume":"9","author":"Fargo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12004"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.2.200"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302330"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430140091031"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200211000-00002"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.05.007"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.FCH.0000336090.37280.2e"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327655jchn2304_3"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.12","first-page":"533","article-title":"Homing in on the homeless: assessing the physical health of homeless adults in Los Angeles County using an original method to obtain physical examination data in a survey","volume":"31","author":"Kleinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510826"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1882"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003423","article-title":"Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in national surveys from England, the USA and Canada, and correlation with stroke and ischemic heart disease mortality: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Joffres","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.16","first-page":"e94","article-title":"Access to primary health care among homeless adults in Toronto, Canada: results from the street health survey","volume":"5","author":"Khandor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1604","article-title":"Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period","volume":"173","author":"Baggett","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00007"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000202568.01167.B6"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.16.2083"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390110060027"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.22","unstructured":"Taylor E , Lake T , Nysenbaum J , et al . Coordinating care in the medical neighborhood: critical components and available mechanisms. AHRQ Publication No.11-0064. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011. Available: https:\/\/pcmh.ahrq.gov\/page\/coordinating-care-medicalneighborhood-critical-components-and-available-mechanisms"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1208-1"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.24","article-title":"Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments","volume":"2013","author":"Gurol-Urganci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01342.x"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13068215"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.2633","article-title":"Mobile health medication adherence and blood pressure control in renal transplant recipients: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"McGillicuddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3951","article-title":"Impact of mHealth chronic disease management on treatment adherence and patient outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Hamine","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500534"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12918"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4638"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-11-201212040-00538"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2724","article-title":"New media use by patients who are homeless: the potential of mHealth to build connectivity","volume":"15","author":"Post","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-010-9456-2"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2015.1033117"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2015.1103331","article-title":"Minority homeelss youth\u2019s access to and use of mobile phones: implications for health intervention design","volume":"21","author":"Jennings","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S588","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302061","article-title":"Retaining homeless veterans in outpatient care: a pilot study of mobile phone text message appointment reminders","volume":"104 Suppl 4","author":"McInnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"AM J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15144","article-title":"Automated mobile phone-based mental health resource for Homeelss youth: pilot study assessing feasibility and acceptability","volume":"6","author":"Glover","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.39","unstructured":"Foyabo J , Bessetti-Barrett C . Improving clinic attendance through text message reminders to homeless patients with chronic health conditions, . 2019 Available: https:\/\/www.elitecme.com\/resource-center\/health-information-professionals\/improving-clinic-attendancethrough-text-message-reminders-to-homeless-patients-with-chronic-health-conditions\/ [Accessed 2 Jun 2021]."},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2165\/00115677-199906060-00004","article-title":"Helping cure health care systems","volume":"6","author":"Prochaska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Disease Management and Health Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dis.2006.9.291"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B071464"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cml044"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019715","article-title":"Mobile health applications for the management of primary hypertension: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00222"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.46","first-page":"478","article-title":"A meta-analysis of interventions to improve care for chronic illnesses","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.47","first-page":"2","article-title":"Chronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness","volume":"1","author":"Wagner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eff Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.48","unstructured":"Project Renewal . What we do. Available: https:\/\/www.projectrenewal.org\/programs-overview [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-28","article-title":"Efficacy of a text messaging (SMS) based intervention for adults with hypertension: protocol for the star (SMS text-message adherence suppoRt trial) randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Bobrow","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107149","article-title":"Short Messaging service (SMS) texting for uncontrolled diabetes among persons experiencing homelessness: study protocol for a randomized trial","volume":"128","author":"Asgary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.52","unstructured":"McInnes DK . Self- management using text messaging in a homeless population. Clinicaltrial.gov. Available: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT03034993 [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.53","unstructured":"Healthy for good. n.d. Available: https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05621-7","article-title":"Content validity and reliability of a self-report measure of medication nonadherence in hepatitis C treatment","volume":"64","author":"Voils","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S60715","article-title":"Characterizing weekly self-reported antihypertensive medication nonadherence across repeated occasions","volume":"8","author":"Voils","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90944-Z"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301792"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6066","article-title":"Opt-out patient navigation to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among homeless women","volume":"26","author":"Asgary","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2025121410274198000_13.10.e073041.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:27:54Z","timestamp":1765736874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}