{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:14:49Z","timestamp":1784740489434,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is one of the most common forms of acute cerebral dysfunction in critically ill children leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention, identification and management of delirium is an important part of paediatric and neonatological intensive care. This scoping review aims to identify and map evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for paediatric delirium prevention and management in paediatric and neonatal intensive care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Searches will be performed in the databases Medline (via PubMed), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Journals), EMBASE and Web of Science (01\/2000\u2013current). Two reviewers will independently review retrieved studies, and relevant information will be extracted using data extraction forms. The results will be presented in tabular format and accompanied by a narrative summary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Inclusion criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review will include references that describe or evaluate non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or manage paediatric delirium. Conference abstracts, editorials, opinion papers and grey literature will be excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the nature of research involving humans or unpublished secondary data, approval of an ethics committee are not required. The dissemination of findings is planned via professional networks and publication in an open-access scientific journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T21:36:33Z","timestamp":1698615393000},"page":"e073883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and manage delirium in critically ill children in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units (NICU\/PICU): a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9225-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Zilezinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascha-Elisabeth","family":"Denninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Health and Nursing Science, International Graduate Academy, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0970-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje","family":"Tannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kottner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002324","article-title":"Delirium and mortality in critically ill children: epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric delirium","volume":"45","author":"Traube","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 \/ American Psychiatric Association. Washington: American Psychiatric Publ, 2013. doi:10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.3","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) . Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management in hospital and long-term care (Clinical guideline CG 103). 2010."},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.10.005","article-title":"Do motor subtypes of delirium in child and adolescent have a different clinical and phenomenological profile?","volume":"36","author":"Grover","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1175","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002004","article-title":"Cost associated with pediatric delirium in the ICU","volume":"44","author":"Traube","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001032","article-title":"Delirium in children after cardiac bypass surgery","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005260","article-title":"A systematic review and pooled prevalence of delirium in critically ill children","volume":"50","author":"Semple","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moradi J , Mikhail M , Lee LA , et al . Lived experiences of delirium in critically ill children: a qualitative study. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2022. doi:10.1055\/s-0042-1758695","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758695"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.001","article-title":"Delirium in the neonate","volume":"49","author":"Adams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e514","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001681","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of postoperative delirium in pediatric intensive care patients","volume":"19","author":"Meyburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121221270251000_13.10.e073883.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.04.008","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with delirium in children in a single pediatric intensive care unit in Brazil","volume":"61","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"J 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