{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:11:05Z","timestamp":1760825465954,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been found to be associated with many clinical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases and likewise. Studies evaluating the association between serum Mg levels and ischaemic stroke in T2DM from India are limited, and this formed the aim of this study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a case\u2013control study among patients with T2DM where cases had a history of acute ischaemic stroke in the preceding 2 years and controls with no such history. Data regarding sociodemographic and clinical details and laboratory parameters, including serum Mg concentration, were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. Furthermore, propensity score matching (PSM) was done to match the controls with the cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled a total of 200 participants (cases: 75 and controls: 125), but after PSM, 149 participants (cases: 75 and control:74) were analysed. The serum Mg concentrations were significantly low (p&lt;0.001) among the cases (mean (SD)=1.74 (0.22)) when compared with the controls (mean (SD)=1.95 (0.13)). For every 0.1 mg\/dL decrease in serum Mg concentration, the odds of ischaemic stroke increase by approximately 1.918 times (95% CI 1.272 to 2.890; p=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean Mg level in the ischaemic stroke group was significantly low compared with the no stroke group in patients with T2DM. We recommend further controlled studies to evaluate the role of Mg supplementation in the management of acute ischaemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T22:15:19Z","timestamp":1698272119000},"page":"e073997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of serum magnesium levels with acute ischaemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a propensity score-matched case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anisha","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8777-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Legha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9318-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renju","family":"Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey Pradeep","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libby","family":"Pushparajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St Gregorios Medical Mission Hospital, Parumala, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Magnesium and cardiovascular system","volume":"23","author":"Shechter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095388"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.3","first-page":"153","article-title":"Associations of serum magnesium levels with diabetes mellitus and diabetic 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patients","volume":"44","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S181948","article-title":"Low levels of serum magnesium are associated with poststroke cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients","volume":"14","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.11","unstructured":"Burtis CA , Ashwood ER , Bruns DE , eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Chapter 49. Fourth edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2006: 1893\u2013912."},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026791"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.7.938"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.103020"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.15","first-page":"1240","article-title":"To determine the frequency of hypomagnesemia among patients with acute ischemic stroke and to study the correlation of serum magnesium with modified Rankin scale after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan J Medical Health Sci"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02960906"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00200-A"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.21276\/ijcmr.2018.5.5.9","article-title":"Assessment of serum magnesium levels in stroke patients and its correlation with severity of neurological disability","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"IJCMR"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp071"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.20","first-page":"269","article-title":"Serum magnesium in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"45","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.18700\/jnc.210035","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia as a prognostic marker of ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"Ryu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021916","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke","volume":"50","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2013.35203","article-title":"Complex function of magnesium in blood clot formation and lysis","volume":"2","author":"Jankun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Centr Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2025101814331562000_13.10.e073997.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45040205","article-title":"The link between magnesium supplements and statin medication in dyslipidemic patients","volume":"45","author":"Nartea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:33:25Z","timestamp":1760823205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073997","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}