{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:44:04Z","timestamp":1791837844571,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain and its associated factors among high school teachers in the West Arsi zone, Southwest Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020. A self-administered structured Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess low back pain during the past 12 months. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out using Stata V.14. The degree of significance was obtained at a 95% CI and p&lt;0.05.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study was conducted in the West Arsi zone, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 602 teachers participated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary outcome is the prevalence of low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of low back pain during the last 12 months was found to be 63.73% (95% CI 59.77% to 67.70%). About 225 (39.61%) teachers experienced moderate pain, and (89.79%) of them had a minimal disability. Being unmarried (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.47, 95%\u2009CI 0.28 to 0.79), prolonged standing (AOR 2.31, 95%\u2009CI 1.16 to 4.60), sleeping disturbance (AOR 3.22, 95%\u2009CI 1.41 to 7.36), regular physical activity (AOR 0.52, 95%\u2009CI 0.33 to 0.84), current smoker (AOR 2.83, 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 7.67), lifting heavy load (AOR 1.96, 95%\u2009CI 1.17 to 3.28), psychological job demand (AOR 2.86, 95%\u2009CI 1.69 to 4.84) and job satisfaction (AOR 0.46, 95%\u2009CI 0.27 to 0.79) were associated with low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of low back pain was high in this study. Prolonged standing, sleep disruption, heavy load lifting, cigarette smoking and psychological job demand were risk factors for low back pain. Physical exercise and workplace satisfaction were effective interventions. Emphasis should now be put on ergonomics, regular physical activity and psychosocial factors to lessen the problem.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T21:15:36Z","timestamp":1689628536000},"page":"e074014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Magnitude and influencing factors of work-related low back pain among high school teachers in West Arsi zone, Southwest Ethiopia: evidenced from multicentred cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shambel","family":"Gemedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4731-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zewudu","family":"Andualem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9428-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amensisa","family":"Hailu Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awrajaw","family":"Dessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811453005000_13.7.e074014.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"2025101811453005000_13.7.e074014.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025101811453005000_13.7.e074014.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204631"},{"key":"2025101811453005000_13.7.e074014.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldawsari SA , Alhammad AH , Alanazi ADS , et al . 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