{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:40:47Z","timestamp":1760827247358,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1184842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1184842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adolescence is a period of major transition in physical, cognitive, social and emotional development, and the peak time for the onset of mental health conditions, substance use disorders and sexual and reproductive health risks. Prevention and treatment during this time can improve health and well-being now and into the future. However, despite clinical guidelines recommending annual preventive health assessments for young people, health professionals cite lack of consultation time and adequate funding as key barriers. This trial aims to determine whether a specific fee-for-service (\u2018rebate payment\u2019) for a young person\u2019s health assessment, is effective and cost-effective at increasing the detection and management of health risk behaviours and conditions among young people.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Australian general practice. 42 general practices (clusters) will be randomly allocated 1:1 to either an intervention arm where general practitioners receive a rebate payment for each annual health assessment undertaken for 14\u201324-year-olds during a 2\u2009year study period, or a control arm (no rebate). The rebate amount will be based on the Medical Benefits Schedule (Australia\u2019s list of health professional services subsidised by the Australian Government) currently available for similar age-based assessments. Our primary outcome will be the annual rate of risk behaviours and health conditions recorded in the patient electronic health record (eg, alcohol\/drug use, sexual activity and mental health issues). Secondary outcomes include the annual rate of patient management activities related to health risks and conditions identified (eg, contraception prescribed, sexually transmitted infection tests ordered). A process evaluation will assess acceptability, adoption, fidelity and sustainability of the rebate; an economic evaluation will assess its cost-effectiveness. Analyses will be intention-to-treat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethics approval has been obtained from University of Melbourne Human and Research Ethics Committee (2022-23435-29990-3). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ACTRN12622000114741<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1692192821000},"page":"e074154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Will a fee-for-service payment for a young people\u2019s health assessment in general practice increase the detection of health risk behaviours and health conditions? Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (RAd Health Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane S","family":"Hocking","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patty","family":"Chondros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9095-358X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan M","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jemimah","family":"Ride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Health Economics Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Temple-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5039-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George C","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan S C","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2538-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Pirkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Wardley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Blashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual Health Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 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