{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1783276011651,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Director General of Health Services (DGHS) Bangladesh","award":["DGHS\/LD\/NCDC\/Procurement plan\/(GOB) Service\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGHS\/LD\/NCDC\/Procurement plan\/(GOB) Service\/2018-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For over a decade, the prevalence of asthma remained unchanged at around 7% in Bangladesh. Although asthma causes significant morbidity among both children and adults, updates on epidemiological data are limited on the prevalence in Bangladesh. This study attempted to determine the prevalence of asthma, and its modifiable and non-modifiable lifestyle predictors in a rural population of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was part of a cross-sectional study that applied the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions via census in a rural area of Bangladesh, where self-reported data on asthma were recorded. Data on anthropometric measurement, sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors were collected following the standard protocol described in the WHO STEP-wise approach to surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire. Analysis included descriptive statistics to assess the prevalence of asthma and its risk factors, and binary logistic regression to determine contributing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of asthma was 4.2%. Asthma was predominant among people above 60 years (8.4%). Higher asthma was noted among males (4.6%), self-employed (5.1%), with a family history of asthma (9.1%), with comorbidities besides asthma (7.8%) and underweight (6.0%) compared with their counterparts. The OR of having asthma was 1.89, 1.93, 1.32, 1.50, 2.60, 0.67, 0.67 and 0.78 if a respondent was 45 years old or more, married, underweight, ever smoker, with a family history of asthma, housewife, employed and consumed red meat, respectively, while considering all other variables constant, compared with their counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study emphasised asthma to be a public health concern in Bangladesh, although it seems to have decreased over the last decade. Among others, red meat intake and nutritional status were strongly associated with asthma, and the linkage among these is still a grey area that needs further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1702128184000},"page":"e074195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Self-reported prevalence of asthma and its associated factors among adult rural population in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study using WHO PEN protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shagoofa","family":"Rakhshanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minhazul","family":"Abedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-7320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abrar","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingkan","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4731-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithila","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2395-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palash Chandra","family":"Banik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riffat Ara","family":"Shawon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AKM Fazlur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saidur Rahman","family":"Mashreky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618153911000_13.12.e074195.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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