{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T20:21:09Z","timestamp":1788034869940,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Clinical Research Center of Immune Disease","award":["2020B1111170008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111170008"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital","award":["2022QN38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QN38"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arthritis is thought to be closely related to serum uric acid. The study aims to assess the association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) and arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multistage, stratified cluster was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of adult US civilians aged\u226520 years from the 2007\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants with hyperuricemia and without hyperuricemia prior to gout were included. A questionnaire was used to determine whether participants had arthritis and the type of arthritis. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the past 12 years, the percentage of participants with arthritis changed from 25.95% (22.53%\u201329.36%) to 25.53% (21.62%\u201329.44%). The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increased from 8.70% (95% CI: 6.56% to 10.85%) to 12.44% (95% CI: 9.32% to 15.55%), the prevalence of AH changed from 16.35% (95% CI: 14.01% to 18.40%) to 16.39% (95% CI: 13.47% to 19.30%). Participants with AH were associated with onset of arthritis (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.69), but the association was muted after adjusting demographic and socioeconomic factors. For participants aged 40\u201349 years, AH is associated with incident arthritis (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.99) and the relationship remained after adjusting for education level, income to poverty ratio, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension and smoking (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.94 to 3.36). Compared with male, female participants with AH are more likely to develop arthritis, especially in OA (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.60).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data identified AH as the risk factor for incident arthritis, especially for OA, which might be exaggerated in aged population and female population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T21:10:30Z","timestamp":1707772230000},"page":"e074391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and risk of arthritis, findings from a US National Survey 2007\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6356-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongze","family":"WU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieruo","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6609e1","article-title":"Vital signs: prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation - United States, 2013-2015","volume":"66","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39692","article-title":"Updated projected prevalence of self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation among US adults, 2015-2040","volume":"68","author":"Hootman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23425","article-title":"Medical expenditures and earnings losses among US adults with arthritis in 2013","volume":"70","author":"Murphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0457-8"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.91"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2089911","article-title":"Is hypertension associated with arthritis? the United States national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2018","volume":"54","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.06.002"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.50"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40807","article-title":"Contemporary prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the United States and decadal trends: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2016","volume":"71","author":"Chen-Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212288"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0040-6","article-title":"From Hyperuricaemia to gout: what are the missing links","volume":"14","author":"Liot\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205304"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00569-9"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.11.002","article-title":"Urate and osteoarthritis: evidence for a reciprocal relationship","volume":"86","author":"Neogi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.063768"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204273"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0613-9","article-title":"Gout and osteoarthritis: associations, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications","volume":"18","author":"Yokose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130708"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1704-y","article-title":"Monosodium urate crystals reduce osteocyte viability and indirectly promote a shift in osteocyte function towards a proinflammatory and Proresorptive state","volume":"20","author":"Chhana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012743108"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1760306","article-title":"The association between retinopathy and arthritis: findings from a US national survey 2005-2008","volume":"45","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1997.0098"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0400-9","article-title":"The crystallization of Monosodium Urate","volume":"16","author":"Martillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24180","article-title":"American college of rheumatology guideline for the management of gout","volume":"72","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.27","unstructured":"Plan and operation of the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-94. Series 1: programs and collection procedures. Vital Health Stat 1994:1\u2013407."},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.121"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.033"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23926","article-title":"Coexistent hyperuricemia and gout in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with comorbidities, disease activity, and mortality","volume":"72","author":"Chiou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13968","article-title":"Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for psoriatic arthritis in psoriatic patients","volume":"44","author":"Tsuruta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0563-8","article-title":"Coexisting ankylosing spondylitis and gouty arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.35","article-title":"Activation of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by uric acid crystals in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104351","article-title":"IL-17A neutralizing antibody regulates monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty inflammation","volume":"147","author":"Raucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.737573","article-title":"Hyperuricemia in psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Tripolino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1286-0","article-title":"Monosodium urate crystal deposition associated with the progress of radiographic grade at the sacroiliac joint in axial SpA: a dual-energy CT study","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.05.013","article-title":"The association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and knee osteoarthritis: data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015819","article-title":"The association between serum uric acid level and changes of MRI findings in knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study (A STROBE-compliant article)","volume":"98","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0334-3"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.006","article-title":"Resistin\/uric acid index as a prognostic factor in adolescents with obesity after lifestyle intervention","volume":"219","author":"Zurita-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16036093"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202589"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40069","article-title":"Serum urate levels predict joint space narrowing in non-gout patients with medial knee osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Krasnokutsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0890-9","article-title":"Impact of Comorbidities on gout and Hyperuricaemia: an update on prevalence and treatment options","volume":"15","author":"Bardin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000046","article-title":"Why does the gout attack stop? A roadmap for the immune pathogenesis of gout","volume":"1","author":"Schett","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.47","first-page":"979","article-title":"Febuxostat mitigates IL-18-induced inflammatory response and reduction of extracellular matrix gene","volume":"13","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.612440","article-title":"Xanthine oxidoreductase is involved in chondrocyte mineralization and expressed in osteoarthritic damaged cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Nasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.047","article-title":"L-arginine and allopurinol supplementation attenuates inflammatory mediators in human osteoblasts-osteoarthritis cells","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209467"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex442"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.52","first-page":"1859","article-title":"Dietary and lifestyle changes associated with high prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in the Shandong Coastal cities of Eastern China","volume":"35","author":"Miao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.53","first-page":"1501","article-title":"The interaction between uric acid level and other risk factors on the development of gout among asymptomatic hyperuricemic men in a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2519","article-title":"Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and serum uric acid levels in US women--the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"10","author":"Hak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5851.449"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3418-7","article-title":"The associations of serum uric acid level and hyperuricemia with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.04.014"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.58","first-page":"734","article-title":"Incorporating patient reported outcome measures in clinical practice: development and validation of a questionnaire for inflammatory arthritis","volume":"28","author":"El Miedany","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101812394372000_14.2.e074391.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22943","article-title":"Defining arthritis for public health surveillance: methods and estimates in four US population health surveys","volume":"69","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T19:39:51Z","timestamp":1760816391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074391","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}