{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:54:04Z","timestamp":1765731244733,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of early mobilisation in critically ill adults with heterogeneous methodology and results. Redundancy in conducting SRs, unclear justification when leading new SRs or updating, and discordant results of SRs on the same research question may generate research waste that makes it difficult for clinicians to keep up to date with the best available evidence. This meta-research aims to assess the redundancy, methodological and reporting quality, and potential reasons for discordance in the results reported by SRs conducted to determine the effectiveness of early mobilisation in critically ill adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A meta-research of early mobilisation SRs in critically ill adult patients will be conducted. A search of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and other search resources will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. The redundancy of SRs will be assessed by the degree of overlap of primary studies. In addition, the justification for conducting new SRs will be evaluated with the \u2018Evidence-Based Research\u2019 framework. The methodological quality of the SRs will be assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 tool, and the quality of the reports through compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. To assess the potential reasons for discordance in the results of the SRs considering divergence in results and their interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As meta-research, this study does not involve the participation of people whose rights may be violated. However, this overview will be developed rigorously and systematically to achieve valid and reliable results. The findings of this meta-research study will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal related to rehabilitation, critical care or research methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>osf.io\/kxwq9.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T12:52:19Z","timestamp":1689857539000},"page":"e074615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of redundancy, methodological and reporting quality, and potential discrepancies of results of systematic reviews of early mobilisation of critically ill adults: a meta-research protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruvistay","family":"Gutierrez-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Apoyo en Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Cardiopulmonar Integral, Instituto Nacional del T\u00f3rax, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile"},{"name":"INTRehab Research Group, Instituto Nacional del T\u00f3rax, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), Institute for Health Services and Health Systems Research, R\u00fcdersdorf, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), R\u00fcdersdorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5178-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Nydahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Research, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9099-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Seguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina F\u00edsica y Rehabilitaci\u00f3n and Departamento de Paciente Cr\u00edtico, Cl\u00ednica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yorschua","family":"Jalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Jose","family":"Oliveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Torres-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0190-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Seron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229725","article-title":"Functional ability and quality of life in critical illness survivors with intensive care unit acquired weakness: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Eggmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.06.022"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.29390\/cjrt-2021-018","article-title":"Relationship between potential barriers to early mobilization in adult patients during intensive care stay using the Perme ICU mobility score","volume":"57","author":"Luna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Respir Ther"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0135","article-title":"Perceived barriers to early mobilization of intensive care unit patients by nurses in hospitals affiliated to Jundishapur University of medical sciences of Ahvaz in 2019","volume":"14","author":"Babazadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMedLife"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000470","article-title":"Patient-level barriers and Facilitators to early mobilization and the relationship with physical disability post-intensive care","volume":"40","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1007","article-title":"Delirium and long term cognition in critically ill patients","volume":"373","author":"Wilcox","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.08.002","article-title":"Musculoskeletal complications following critical illness: A Scoping review","volume":"66","author":"Gustafson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b6f411","article-title":"Exploring intensive care unit-acquired weakness. preface","volume":"37","author":"Griffiths","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0772-2"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143714563016","article-title":"The incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndromes: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Appleton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Soc"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000586","article-title":"Functional recovery in patients with and without intensive care unit-acquired weakness","volume":"96","author":"Dettling-Ihnenfeldt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020163","article-title":"Health-related quality of life, participation, and physical and cognitive function of patients with intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness 1 year after rehabilitation in Germany: the gymnast cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213803"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70178-8"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1406274"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b6ef67"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000030"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0355-z","article-title":"Early Mobilisation in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic integrative review of definitions and activities","volume":"7","author":"Clarissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b6fa29"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20220013","article-title":"Effects of mobilization among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective study","volume":"7","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2020.1840683","article-title":"Effectiveness of structured early mobilization protocol on mobility status of patients in medical intensive care unit","volume":"38","author":"Gatty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60658-9"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.003","article-title":"Early mobilization and rehabilitation of patients who are critically ill","volume":"150","author":"Hashem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.24","unstructured":"Medicine C for E-B . Oxford centre for evidence-based medicine: levels of evidence. 2009."},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.699968","article-title":"Methods for the development of Healthcare practice recommendations using systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"12","author":"Platz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.05.022"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12210"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-02096-y","article-title":"Meta-research evaluating redundancy and use of systematic reviews when planning new studies in health research: a Scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Lund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62229-1","article-title":"How to increase value and reduce waste when research priorities are set","volume":"383","author":"Chalmers","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62227-8"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62297-7","article-title":"Increasing value and reducing waste in BIOMEDICAL research regulation and management","volume":"383","author":"Salman","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.32","unstructured":"Pollock M , Fernandes RM , Becker LA , et al . Overviews of reviews. in: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv Version 63 (Updated Febr 2022) 2022."},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070849","article-title":"Reporting guideline for Overviews of reviews of Healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement","volume":"378","author":"Gates","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284417","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical rehabilitation interventions in critically ill patients\u2014A protocol for an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"18","author":"Gutierrez-Arias","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0855-0","article-title":"Definition of a systematic review used in Overviews of systematic reviews, meta-Epidemiological studies and textbooks","volume":"19","author":"Krnic Martinic","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017743796","article-title":"How to do a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Pollock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000170","article-title":"Effects that passive Cycling exercise have on muscle strength, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"43","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074182","article-title":"Very early passive Cycling exercise in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: physiological and safety aspects--a case series","volume":"8","author":"Camargo Pires-Neto","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00120","article-title":"Eccentric exercise and the critically ill patient","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1155","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001949","article-title":"Functional status score for the ICU: an international Clinimetric analysis of validity, responsiveness, and minimal important difference","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2013.11.003"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2012.01.003"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22219"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1829OC"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1117CP"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.47","first-page":"302","article-title":"Assessment of muscle mass in critically ill patients: role of the Sarcopenia index and images studies","volume":"23","author":"Lopez-Ruiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1563","article-title":"Citationchaser: A tool for transparent and efficient forward and backward citation chasing in systematic searching","volume":"13","author":"Haddaway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.51","unstructured":"CADTH . SR \/ MA \/ HTA \/ ITC - MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo. CADTH Search Filters Database. Ottawac, 2022."},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile App for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of Healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1557"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1610","article-title":"Haidich A.: A package for assessing primary study overlap across systematic reviews in Overviews","volume":"14","author":"Bougioukas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.07.020"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.07.019"},{"key":"2025121408521316000_13.7.e074615.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.07.021","article-title":"Evidence-based research series-paper 3: using an evidence-based research approach to place your results into context after the study is performed to ensure usefulness of the conclusion","volume":"129","author":"Lund","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:52:23Z","timestamp":1765731143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074615","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}}}