{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:56:22Z","timestamp":1769550982677,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent in obese adolescents. Increased systemic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity linked to obesity affect the liver and are also associated with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, NAFLD and vascular alterations are reversible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a prospective open-label randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of polyphenols on NAFLD and vascular parameters in obese adolescents. Children aged 12\u201318 years with hepatic steatosis (n=60) will be recruited. The participants will be randomised with a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive polyphenol supplementation one time per day for 8 weeks along with the clinician-prescribed treatment (group B, n=30) or to continue the prescribed treatment without taking any polyphenols (group A, n=30). The outcome measures will be collected from both the groups at day 1 before starting polyphenol supplementation, at day 60 after 8 weeks of supplementation and at day 120, that is, 60 days after supplementation. The changes in hepatic steatosis and vascular parameters will be measured using liver and vascular imaging. Furthermore, anthropometric measures, blood tests and stool samples for gut microbiome analysis will be collected. After evaluating the study\u2019s feasibility, we hypothesise that, as a secondary outcome, compared with group A, the adolescents in group B will have improved NAFLD, vascular parameters, systemic inflammation and gut microbiome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is approved by Health Canada and the hospital ethics. Participants and their parents\/tutors will both provide consent. Trial results will be communicated to the collaborating gastroenterologists who follow the enrolled participants. Abstracts and scientific articles will be submitted to high-impact radiological societies and journals. ClinicalTrials.gov ID:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03994029\">NCT03994029<\/jats:ext-link>. Health Canada authorisation referral number: 250 811. Protocole version 13, 2 June 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03994029\">NCT03994029<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T06:10:42Z","timestamp":1706681442000},"page":"e074882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of polyphenol supplementation on hepatic steatosis, intima-media thickness and non-invasive vascular elastography in obese adolescents: a pilot study 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