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Phases included a needs assessment survey with university representatives and athletes, content selection, mapping behavioural goals to evidenced-based behaviour change techniques, script\/storyboard development, engagement interviews with university athletes and tool development using user-centred design techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian U SPORTS universities (n=56).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 64 university representatives (eg, administrators, clinicians) and 27 varsity athletes (52% male, 48% female) completed the needs assessment survey. Five athletes participated in engagement interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveys assessed previous athlete concussion education, recommendations for concussion topics and tool design, concussion management challenges and interest in implementing a new course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Institutions used a median (Med) of two (range 1\u20135) approaches when educating athletes about concussion. Common approaches were classroom-style education (50%), online training (41%) and informational handouts (39%). University representatives rated most important topics as: (1) what is a concussion, (2) how to recognise a concussion and (3) how to report a concussion (Med<jats:sub>all<\/jats:sub>=4.8\/5). Athletes felt symptom recognition (96%) and effects on the brain (85%) were most important. The majority of athletes preferred learning via computer (81%) and preferred to learn alone (48%) versus group learning (7%). The final resource was designed to influence four behaviours: (1) report symptoms, (2) seek care, (3) encourage teammates to report symptoms and (4) support teammates through concussion recovery. Examples of behaviour change techniques included: knowledge\/skills, problem-solving scenarios, verbal persuasion and social comparison. Athletes are guided through different interactions (eg, videos, flip cards, scenarios, testimonials) to maximise engagement (material review takes ~30 min).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Concussion Awareness Training Tool for athletes is the first Canadian education tool designed to address the needs of Canadian university\/college athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T17:57:46Z","timestamp":1701280666000},"page":"e075080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a tailored concussion education program for athletes: a pragmatic multimethods design and integrated knowledge translation approach from needs assessment to design"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Turcotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Fidanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2478-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazya","family":"Karmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0227-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelina","family":"Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112909551855000_13.11.e075080.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"key":"2023112909551855000_13.11.e075080.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000308","article-title":"The epidemiology of concussions: number and nature of concussions and time to recovery among female and male Canadian varsity athletes 2008 to 2011","volume":"27","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2023112909551855000_13.11.e075080.3","unstructured":"Irick E . 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