{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1793713459236,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province","award":["2020Y9133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y9133"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital","award":["YCXH 22-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCXH 22-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gvtzy22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. This study aims to evaluate such association by synthesising the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database searched from inception to 11 August 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies and case\u2013control studies estimating the relationship of abnormal prepregnancy BMI (including underweight, overweight or obesity) or inappropriate GWG (including excess GWG or insufficient GWG) with adverse pregnancy outcomes of interest were included. Outcomes included macrosomia, caesarean section, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. OR estimate and its 95% CI were pooled using Stata software fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to ensure credibility of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three studies (eighteen retrospective cohort studies, three prospective cohort studies and two case control studies) involving 57\u2009013 Chinese women with GDM were identified. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with GDM women with normal weight, GDM women with underweight were at a higher risk of SGA (OR=1.79 (1.54 to 2.07), five studies involving 31\u2009967\u2009women); women with overweight had higher risks of macrosomia (OR=1.65 (1.49 to 1.82), eleven studies involving 41\u2009683\u2009women), caesarean section (OR=1.48 (1.38 to 1.59), ten studies involving 34\u2009935\u2009women), preterm birth (OR=1.27 (1.13 to 1.43), eight studies involving 38\u2009295\u2009women) and LGA (OR=1.73 (1.54 to 1.95), seven studies involving 31\u2009342\u2009women) and women with obesity had higher risks of macrosomia (OR=2.37 (2.04 to 2.76), eleven studies involving 41\u2009683\u2009women), caesarean section (OR=2.07 (1.84 to 2.32), nine studies involving 34\u2009829\u2009women), preterm birth (OR=1.31 (1.09 to 1.57), eight studies involving 38\u2009295\u2009women) and LGA (OR=2.63 (2.15 to 3.21), six studies involving 31\u2009236\u2009women). Regard to GWG, compared with Chinese GDM women with sufficient GWG, GDM women with excessive GWG had higher risks of macrosomia (OR=1.74 (1.58 to 1.92), twelve studies involving 40\u2009966\u2009women), caesarean section (OR=1.44 (1.36 to 1.53), nine studies involving 36\u2009205\u2009women) and LGA (OR=2.12 (1.96 to 2.29), twelve studies involving 42\u2009342\u2009women); women with insufficient GWG conversely had higher risks of preterm birth (OR=1.59 (1.45 to 1.74), nine studies involving 37\u2009461\u2009women) and SGA (OR=1.38 (1.27 to 1.51), ten studies involving 41\u2009080\u2009women).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For Chinese women with GDM, abnormal prepregnancy BMI or inappropriate GWG were related to higher risks of many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, medical staff should pay more attention to the weight management of GDM women during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:05:14Z","timestamp":1708149914000},"page":"e075226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Association between prepregnancy body mass index or gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QingXiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuQing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4133-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"XiuMin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaNing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RuLin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wendland EM , Torloni MR , Falavigna M , et al . Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes--a systematic review of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012;12:23. doi:10.1186\/1471-2393-12-23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-23"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: estimation of global and regional gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence for 2021 by international association of diabetes in pregnancy study group\u2019s criteria","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12854"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5541","article-title":"Associations of maternal diabetes and body mass index with offspring birth weight and prematurity","volume":"173","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mistry SK , Das Gupta R , Alam S , et al . Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcome in South Asia: a systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021;4. doi:10.1002\/edm2.285","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.285"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30161-3","article-title":"Gestational diabetes: opportunities for improving maternal and child health","volume":"8","author":"Saravanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0248-2"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12521","article-title":"Weight gain adequacy and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Viecceli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.11","first-page":"83","article-title":"Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults--study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu L , Ma Y , Wang N , et al . Maternal body mass index and risk of neonatal adverse outcomes in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019;19. doi:10.1186\/s12884-019-2249-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2249-z"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7467.675"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiserud T , Piaggio G , Carroli G , et al . The World Health Organization fetal growth charts: a multinational longitudinal study of ultrasound biometric measurements and estimated fetal weight. PLoS Med 2017;14:e1002220. doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002220"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolakopoulou A , Mavridis D , Salanti G . How to interpret meta-analysis models: fixed effect and random effects meta-analyses. Evid Based Ment Health 2014;17:64. doi:10.1136\/eb-2014-101794","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2014-101794"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2014-101795","article-title":"Demystifying fixed and random effects meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.017","article-title":"Associations between body mass index and maternal weight gain on the delivery of LGA infants in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.15896","article-title":"Association between body mass index and gestational weight gain with obstetric and neonatal complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Chen Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000036","article-title":"Gestational diabetes: weight gain during pregnancy and its relationship to pregnancy outcomes","volume":"132","author":"Gou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang D , Liang M , Xu B , et al . The association of insufficient gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus with adverse infant outcomes: a case-control study. Front Public Health 2023;11:1054626. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1054626","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1054626"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ke JF , Liu S , Ge RL , et al . Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023;23:414. doi:10.1186\/s12884-023-05657-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05657-8"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leng J , Li W , Zhang S , et al . GDM women\u2019s pre-pregnancy overweight\/obesity and gestational weight gain on offspring overweight status. PLoS One 2015;10:e0129536. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0129536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129536"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao M , Dai M , Zhang Y , et al . Influence of maternal overweight, obesity and gestational weight gain on the perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2017;7:305. doi:10.1038\/s41598-017-00441-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00441-z"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-015-0443-8","article-title":"A retrospective study of maternal and neonatal outcomes in overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Nie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi P , Liu A , Yin X . Association between gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021;21. doi:10.1186\/s12884-021-03982-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03982-4"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.27","first-page":"5784","article-title":"Associations of the pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational BMI gain with pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.07.008"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1081167","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes stratified for pre-pregnancy body mass index","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3724\/zdxbyxb-2021-0185","article-title":"Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci)"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12934","article-title":"Higher pre-pregnancy body mass index is associated with excessive gestational weight gain in normal weight Chinese mothers with gestational diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Q-X , Wang H-W , Jiang X-M , et al . Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain are associated with maternal and infant adverse outcomes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes. Sci Rep 2022;12:2749. doi:10.1038\/s41598-022-06733-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06733-3"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.33","unstructured":"Chen YR , Duan XK , Liu CF , et al . Analysis of influencing factors and pregnancy outcomes of Macrosomia among pregnant women with diabetes in a hospital in Zhengzhou city from 2014-1018 [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of General Practice 2021. doi:10.16766\/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.001960"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3724\/zdxbyxb-2020-0013","article-title":"Relationship of abnormal mid-term oral glucose tolerance test and maternal weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci)"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.35","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy body mass index delivery modes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal weight","volume":"32","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Care of China"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.36","unstructured":"Lin J , Chen L , Shen MC , et al . Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index on gIucose Metablism and pregnancy outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [in Chinese]. Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021;37. Available: https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms2\/article\/abstract?v=dTOk-awlit8-TOUuLS3eNiG7Bv7iaA9pxPyclEILRAyIeZ0_iEXCBI8oJSUFinHBYsebkE3WF5hCh0v9xPkqCSnau70LEzy65faFRZX_g1ZTKPIaiutz2Va1-5GtT1V-FiRnP56oTprk_C-Q7PffIA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.37","unstructured":"Shen MC , Zhong JL , Wang X , et al . Effect of gestational weight gain on glucose metabolism and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus [in Chinese]. Medical Journal of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army 2023;48. Available: https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms2\/article\/abstract?v=dTOk-awlit-LZyi-awTjp1A1whI6GLLSRq-gXWnkWsCy8ggaoufOMW4pg0jlzGJy9FjMfaoDiOgE3O2pvW8RH6yreFq2jYunnaSyM6vx9vAeWsLi7uutVevjdWi2QiPS6liSbOQ7Imrl2X2OzVgrtg==&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT&amp;language=CHS"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.38","unstructured":"Wang XY , Zhou L . Relationship of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational mellitus [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics 2020;36. doi:10.19538\/j.fk2020080119"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.39","unstructured":"Xu L , Fu DM , Wang XH . The relationship between body mass index, gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity 2021;29. doi:10.13404\/j.cnki.cjbhh.2021.10.002"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.40","first-page":"23","article-title":"Study on relationship between weight gain during different stages of pregnancy and the outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21779","article-title":"Reimagining Obesity in 2018: a JAMA Theme issue on obesity","volume":"319","author":"Livingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029617"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100041","article-title":"Maternal body mass index and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"1","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Rifai RH , Ali N , Barigye ET , et al . Maternal and birth cohort studies in the gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2020;9:14. doi:10.1186\/s13643-020-1277-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-1277-0"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Y , Shen Z , Zhan Y , et al . Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on maternal and infant complications. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020;20:390. doi:10.1186\/s12884-020-03071-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03071-y"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidhendi Yarandi R , Vaismoradi M , Panahi MH , et al . Mild gestational diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcome: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:699412. doi:10.3389\/fmed.2021.699412","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.699412"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2014.05.005","article-title":"Interaction between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain shapes infant growth","volume":"14","author":"Heerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2018.08.003"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong W , Fan X , Hu F , et al . Gestational weight gain and Its effects on maternal and neonatal outcome in women with twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2021;9:674414. doi:10.3389\/fped.2021.674414","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.674414"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teulings NEWD , Masconi KL , Ozanne SE , et al . Effect of interpregnancy weight change on perinatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019;19:386. doi:10.1186\/s12884-019-2566-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2566-2"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01185.x"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1405388","article-title":"The institute of medicine recommendation for gestational weight gain is probably not optimal among non-American pregnant women: a retrospective study from China","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.54","unstructured":"Society CN . Weight monitoring and evaluation during pregnancy period of Chinese women: group standard T\/CNSS 009\u20132021. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.cnsoc.org\/otherNotice\/392100200.html"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen F , Wang P , Wang J , et al . Analysis and comparison of early childhood nutritional outcomes among offspring of Chinese women under the Chinese 2021 and US 2009 gestational weight gain guidelines. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5:e2233250. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33250","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33250"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-022-01238-8","article-title":"Estimated optimal gestational weight gain for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in China","volume":"77","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15448","article-title":"Optimal gestational weight gain in Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a large retrospective cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61870-5"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13795","article-title":"The effect of maternal body mass index on duration of induced labor","volume":"99","author":"Carlh\u00e4ll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12095","article-title":"Does amount of weight gain during pregnancy modify the association between obesity and cesarean section delivery?","volume":"41","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903042561"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfadhli EM . Maternal obesity influences Birth weight more than gestational diabetes author. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021;21:111. doi:10.1186\/s12884-021-03571-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03571-5"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1293030"},{"key":"2024021703050455000_14.2.e075226.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng W , Huang W , Liu C , et al . Weight gain after diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021;21:216. doi:10.1186\/s12884-021-03690-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03690-z"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1708149941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}