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Therapeutic drug monitoring has the potential to improve treatment outcome by ensuring adequate drug exposure. However, very limited population-based studies exist for MAC lung disease. This study aims to describe the distribution of drug exposure for key antimycobacterial drugs at population level, and to analyse them in relationship to treatment outcome in patients with MAC lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort aiming to include 100 adult patients diagnosed with and treated for MAC lung disease will be conducted in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, China. Blood samples will be collected after 1\u2009month MAC treatment for measurement of macrolides, rifamycin, ethambutol, amikacin and\/or fluoroquinolones, using a validated liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Respiratory samples will be collected at inclusion and once every 3 months for mycobacterial culture until treatment completion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination will be performed using a commercial broth microdilution plate. In addition to mycobacterial culture, disease severity and clinical improvement will be assessed from the perspective of lung function, radiological presentation and self-reported quality of life. Whole genome sequencing will be performed for any longitudinal isolates with significant change of MIC to explore the emergence of drug resistance-conferring mutations. The relationship between drug exposure and treatment outcome will be analysed and potential confounders will be considered for adjustment in multivariable models. Meanwhile, the associations between drug exposure in relation to MIC and markers of treatment response will be explored using Cox proportional hazards or binary logistic regression models, as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study has been approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (No. K22-149Z). Written and oral informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registeration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05824988\">NCT05824988<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T13:46:44Z","timestamp":1696340804000},"page":"e075383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of drug exposure and bacterial susceptibility with treatment response for <i>Mycobacterium avium complex<\/i> lung disease: protocol for a prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05824988","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05824988","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Xubin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Research Centre of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Research Centre of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Davies Forsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 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