{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:33:05Z","timestamp":1791999185853,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Peak Academic Talent Project of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine","award":["y2021rc15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["y2021rc15"]}]},{"name":"Projects of Jiangsu Chinese Medicine Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Hypertension","award":["k2021j17 & k2021j17-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["k2021j17 & k2021j17-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aims to examine the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with subclinical cardiac dysfunction in a Chinese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EAT and VAT are the most important ectopic fat pools which were previously shown to be associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction. However, few studies simultaneously measured both EAT thickness and VAT area, and explored their associations with cardiac dysfunction. Our study aims to examine the associations of VAT and EAT with subclinical cardiac dysfunction in a Chinese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study subjects were recruited from Danyang County from 2018 to 2019. Using Philips CX50, we recorded EAT thickness at the end-systole in a long-axis view. The subclinical systolic and diastolic function were assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking, and transmitral and tissue Doppler imaging, respectively. Using Omron HDS-2000, we measured VAT area by dual bioelectrical impedance analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1558 participants (age, 52.3\u00b112.8 years) included 930 (59.7%) women. Compared with women, men had higher VAT area (99.4 vs 70.1\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p&lt;0.0001) but lower EAT thickness (4.02 vs 4.46\u2009mm; p&lt;0.0001). In simple correlation analyses, EAT thickness and VAT area were positively associated with E\/e\u2019 ratio (r=0.16 to 0.20; all p&lt;0.0001) and negatively with global longitudinal strain (GLS) and e\u2019 (r=\u22120.12 to \u22120.37; all p&lt;0.0001). Furthermore, VAT area was associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r=\u22120.14; p&lt;0.0001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the association of EAT with GLS and that of VAT with e\u2019 and E\/e\u2019 ratio remained significant (all p\u22640.001), whereas the associations of EAT with subclinical diastolic dysfunction and that of VAT with systolic function became non-significant (all p\u22650.11). Analyses on further adjustment for LVEF showed similar results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased EAT thickness was associated with worse subclinical systolic dysfunction, while greater VAT area was associated with early diastolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T12:47:06Z","timestamp":1702385226000},"page":"e075576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of epicardial and visceral adipose tissue in relation to subclinical cardiac dysfunction in Chinese: Danyang 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Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hypertension, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hypertension, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 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