{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:28:38Z","timestamp":1767842918611,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health, Victorian Government","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health, South Australia Government","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022100","name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Northern Adelaide Local Health Network","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health, Western Australian Government","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Partnership","award":["APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"Department of Trade and Investment, South Australian Government","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Network","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]},{"name":"Southern Adelaide Local Health Network","award":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC Partnership grant APP2014684"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with chronic medical diseases are at an unacceptable risk of hospitalisation and death from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Over the past two decades, behavioural scientists have learnt how to design non-coercive \u2018nudge\u2019 interventions to encourage positive health behaviours. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of multicomponent nudge interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in medically at-risk children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analyses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two separate randomised controlled trials (RCTs), each with 1038 children, will enrol a total of approximately 2076 children with chronic medical conditions who are attending tertiary hospitals in South Australia, Western Australia and Victoria. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to the standard care or intervention group. The nudge intervention in each RCT will consist of three text message reminders with four behavioural nudges including (1) social norm messages, (2) different messengers through links to short educational videos from a paediatrician, medically at-risk child and parent and nurse, (3) a pledge to have their child or themselves vaccinated and (4) information salience through links to the current guidelines and vaccine safety information. The primary outcome is the proportion of medically at-risk children who receive at least one dose of vaccine within 3 months of randomisation. Logistic regression analysis will be performed to determine the effect of the intervention on the probability of vaccination uptake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol and study documents have been reviewed and approved by the Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC\/22\/WCHN\/2022\/00082). The results will be published via peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings and public forums.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05613751\">NCT05613751<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:05:22Z","timestamp":1708149922000},"page":"e076194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nudging towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccination uptake in medically at-risk children: EPIC study protocol of randomised controlled trials in Australian paediatric outpatient clinics"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05613751","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05613751","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabha","family":"Andraweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Danchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Blyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3218-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Vlaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Warwick University, Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Clinic & LSHTM, Monash University, Carlton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6363-4874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie M","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Women\u2019s and Babies Division, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Couper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Paediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6930-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Karnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Spurrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health, South Australian Government, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cusack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health, South Australian Government, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Mordaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimi","family":"Simatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustaaf","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Women\u2019s Health, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and School of Medicine, University of 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Australian technical advisory group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Australian Immunisation Handbook. 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