{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:11:55Z","timestamp":1794492715713,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anglo American","award":["213\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the syndemic interaction between social, environmental, and structural contexts and HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mixed qualitative methods consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) exploring the interaction between HIV infection and the social, environmental and structural factors affecting people living in the peri-mining areas of South Africa. Themes were analysed following the syndemic theoretical framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited from three mining companies and locations in the peri-mining communities surrounding the mining companies in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Northern Cape provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion criteria included mineworkers, healthcare workers, female sex workers (FSWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and other community members, \u226518 years, living in the peri-mining area at the time of participation. Three FGDs were conducted (n=30): 13 men and 17\u2009women aged 18\u201355 years. IDIs were conducted with 45 participants: mineworkers (n=10), healthcare workers (n=11), FSWs (n=15), truck drivers (n=4) and IDUs (n=5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings from this study indicate that a syndemic of four socio-behavioural factors is associated with HIV acquisition in peri-mining areas. These are migrancy, accessibility to alcohol and substance use, commercial and transactional sex, and uptake of HIV prevention services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings have implications for HIV prevention programmes in mining companies, which rely on male condom usage promotion. More emphasis on better education about HIV prevalence, transmission and up-to-date prevention alternatives, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for mineworkers is recommended. Furthermore, collaboration with community-based organisations is recommended to wholly address the syndemic factors influencing HIV transmission in peri-mining communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T12:40:55Z","timestamp":1711197655000},"page":"e076198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the syndemic interaction between social, environmental and structural contexts of HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0083-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Chimoyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pretty","family":"Ndini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Oladimeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieser","family":"Seatlholo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kudzai","family":"Mawokomatanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salome","family":"Charalambous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Setswe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.17159\/2411-9717\/2018\/v118n10a12","article-title":"Informal settlements and mine development: reflections from South Africa\u2019s periphery","volume":"118","author":"Marais","year":"2018","journal-title":"J S Afr Inst Min Metall"},{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.04.014","article-title":"Mining towns and urban sprawl in South Africa","volume":"93","author":"Marais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20716"},{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/HS.43.4.c"},{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0183-4"},{"key":"2025121410581750000_14.3.e076198.6","unstructured":"National Department of Health . 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